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BANGKOK FEBRUARY 15TH

It appears that His Majesty the Supreme King is some-what interested in the oil question. The reference of our correspon- dent in a former issue to the oil regions in some parts of the United States, and the suggestion that oil might possibly be found in Siam, has excited a desire in the mind of His Majesty to have some one who un- derstands the business, explore the country and point out where oil may be found.

We publish in another column a note from His Majesty upon this subject, which although evidently a little tinctured with irony shows that His Majesty does not object to any enterprise which tends to develope the resources of the country pro- viding it does not delve too deeply into the Royal treasury.

Whether our correspondent can give any additional information upon the oil question remains to be seen. His Majesty complains that many foreigners would try to induce the Siamese, to enter into many things at great expense, which they think would be of no advantage to them. We suppose it would be difficult to accept all the pro- posals made to the Siamese by Europeans and it will require the exercise of judge- ment to choose those which will be really useful, but we are sorry that His Majesty thinks that his people are not yet in a con- dition to appreciate railroads and tele- graphs. He thinks the iron rails and telegraph wires, would be too great a temptation to their thieving propensities. We trust however that the day is not far distant when the countries north will be thoroughly explored and the facilities of- fered for trade will be such as to induce foreign capitalists to undertake the con- struction of railroads and telegraphs even here.

Some of the most extensive railroads in the United States are owned by European capitalists and English capitalists are also engaging extensively in the oil business in the United States. It is but recently that the thought was conceived of connecting the Eastern and Western hemispheres by telegraph, yet there is but a comparatively short link wanting in the great chain which will connect Siam with Europe and event- ually with America.

May we not then look for the time, when this link will be completed, and when we shall converse daily with our antipodes. May we not also look for the time when the cars loaded with freight and passengers, will roll their ponderous wheels between this and the great Celestial empire, and even between different portions of this kingdom.

THE CITY OF DIAMONDS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE BANGKOK,
RECORDER.

Dear Sir— The monotony of our quiet life in this rural city, has been again some- what interrupted, during the past week, by the arrival of another visitor, though not a royal one this time, with whose face we hope to become familiar in the future, and to whose visits we shall look for something, to please and instruct. We would welcome the Bangkok Recorder to our fireside, if we had one; as it is, we will give it an honor- able place on our table, and trust that it has before it, a career of usefulness and honor.

One of the ends at which you aim, is the dissemination of reliable information abroad in reference to Siam, the development of its resources, stimulating to activity the dormant mental powers of this people, elev- ating their moral standards, encouraging their trade, and agriculture, everything in fact which will tend to the mental, moral and religious training of the numerous races have assembled. You have a boundless field before you, that promises to repay well, the labor and toil of its cultivation. By paying I do not mean any very great pecuniary profits suddenly to he derived, hut the pleasure of seeing all of these ends and others, gradually and surely, though it may he slowly, accomplished. It is I think an auspicious time for the advent of journalism. Every thing is in a formative state. Old Siam, is passing away, or is at least awaken- ing from her long dark slumber of seclusion, ignorance, and superstition. Young Siam, can never again be what the old was. It has much to gain yet, as immense distance to go over, before it can claim to be in point of intelligence, literature, science, and reli- gion, what the Western nations are.

But the light has broken in. Old and cherished customs have been broken up. This is a great deal in the East where cus- tom is law and reigns supreme. It is just now at that stage where a few years may equal so many centuries at other times. More changes have taken place in the last decade of years than had been made in a century previous. The next will probably witness no less, it may be much greater and more astonishing ones.

That Siam possesses more than its intrin- sic importance, a glance at the map with any knowledge of its history for a few years will show. Trade, which in other countries is the growth of centuries, has sprung up as a mushroom in a day.

It is not merely its population of six or seven millions that invests it with such im- portance. You may cut off several times that numbor from China, or India, and in themselves they would not possess any of that interest which Siam holds in the civil- ized world. There is much in the geo- graphical position which a country occupies. It has not always been the largest of the most populous countries, that have exerted most influence in the world's progress. The influence of Palestine, will be felt when that of Egypt, and Assyria, will have passed away.

Greece will live in her poets, orators, his- torians, and philosophers, while the Medes, and Persians, have left but little to impress the world, but the mere report of their numbers. While in later periods, an island far less than Siam, governs the most po- pulous portions of the earth. The geo- graphical position in all of these cases, and many others that might he mentioned, con- tribnted not a little to their greatness. A position sufficiently isolated to enable it to work out its own problem of government, and yet sufficiently accessible to the other nations, to make its influence felt, seems on the whole most desirable. Siam, has some- what such a position. It is situated a little distant from the great thoroughfare of the nations. It is not a Gibraltar, to make its acquisition a necessity to some of the great powers, and an object of jealousy to the others. Yet when it shall throw of the shackles that bind it down, that will forever prevent its taking a front position among the nations of the earth,—when it shall em- brace not only a liberal policy of government, but a true and elevating system of religion, which would of itself encourage and develope literature, science and the arts,—when the millions of money now spent in the support of polygamy, and idolatry shall be devoted to schools and colleges, and churches, and canals, and railroads, and telegraphs, it will be sufficiently near the great outside world, to give it an influence for good. Were its present rulers, who have done so much for it already,—only awakened to the respon- sibility of their station, they could make it the pride and the admiration of Christen- dom, while they would thereby at the same time, establish their own power on a per- manent basis. Such a result however, is pro- bably more than can be hoped for. Yet it is worth of the United labor of all who have taken up their residence here. Every class of representatives from christian nations, consuls and physicians, missionaries and mer- chants and seamen have it in their power, to do some thing towards hastening such a result. But in whatever place may be assign- ed to others, you may, Mr. Editor, without boasting, claim a position inferior to none unless the history of the past is all belied. In reference to Siam, the press must have an important place in its elevation, and progress. I trust your most ardent hopes of usefulness, may be realized in your new position. I intended when I commenced, to say something about one race that forms no inconsiderable portion of the population of this country, whose province, in the north, is one of the most important in his Majesty’s dominions, and concerning whom but little is known abroad. Having dwelt so long on other subjects, I must defer any account of the Laos, and a tour taken to their coun- try, to another time.

FROM NEW YORK CORRESPONDENCE OF
LONDON DAILY NEW

You may remember that two months ago I informed you that the probabilities were that Lincoln would carry all the Northern States but three, and these I set down as Maryland, Kentucky, and New Jersey. I have proved right as to the number, though wrong as to the particular States. Mary- land has not voted for General Mc. Clellan, but Delaware has, while the result in New Jersey and Kentucky has been what I anti- cipated. The general issue of the elcetion i that twenty one out of twenty four States have voted for Lincoln, the "preponder- ating section" of the Northern people, which according to the Times had conclu- ded that "the war was a failure," and ought to be abandoned, consisting of the majority in three States, two of which are slave States, and one of them, Delaware, the smallest in the Union. The policy of pro- secuting the war for the purpose of reducing the South to subjection, and destroying slavery - of which Mr. Lincoln is the cham- pion - has, therefore, received the most emphatic confirmation which it is in the power of the country to bestow on it.

He is the sixth President who has en- joyed the honor of re-election, Washington being one; and has achieved a triumph, as regards the extent of his majority, such as has fallen to the lot of none of his prede- cessors since the election of Monroe in 1820. I think I may safely say that this has justi- fied, all that I have ever ventured to assert in your columns as to the strength of the determination, on the part of the Northern people, to continue the contest to the last extremity. For it must be remembered, that Lincoln, owes no part of his success to what the democrats call the "bogus States," meaning those States which are held by military force, though nominally within the Union. Louisiana, and Arkansas have not voted, and Kentucky gave 20,000 majority against him. The verdict which has been rendered is emphatically that of the people of the free States. And it cannot be said, either, that it has been due to an outburst of unreasoning enthusiasm. The war has now lasted four years, and though great successes have been achieved, the end is still distant.

The loss of life has been very great; the drain on the population of the Western States has been very heavy; the public debt which has accumulated is enormous, and is the burden of taxation; and the depreca- tion of the currency, presses with pecular severity upon the poor, and on persons with fixed incomes. Every body is now per- fectly familiar with the difficulties of the struggle, and there is now few outside the great towns who have not suffered from it, either in mind, body, or estate. So that the decision which was rendered on last Tuesday must have been dictated by calm and deliberate resolve, must have come from men who had counted the cost and were willing to bear it. As I have often said before, the Northern people may be infat- uated about the matter: it may be that the enterprise in which they engaged is a hopeless one; but it is of the last import- ance that Englishmen should clearly under- stand that they are in earnest, and that peace will come, whenever it does come, either from the submission of the South, or the exhaustion of the free States.

From their weariness or despair it will, in my opinion, never come. And I think what has just occurred is a curious com- mentary, too, on opinions generally preva- lent in aristocratic countries as to the fick-

leness of democracy, and its blindness or indifference to the remote consequences of its acts.

Very few have voted for Lincoln who were not impelled to it by what they saw, or thought they saw, in the far distant future, by the consideration of the propable effect of a dissolution of the Union on the honor and welfare of their children and their children's children. Of the Immediate ad- vantages that would flow from peace every body is aware ; but to the evil consequences that would ultimately flow from it every body is also alive. I think the great ma- jority of the Northern people are anxious to fight on new, in some degree from a re- gard for the national honor, but in a still greater degree because they believe that the recognition of the confederacy would lead, sooner or later, to the further division of the union, to the establishment of several small States, and consequently, to long and incessant were, if for nothing else, for the preservation of that "balances of power" for which European statesman have been fighting for five hundred years, and which they never seem to succeed in permanently establishing.

The election passed off, in spite of the anticipation to the contrary, with perfect quiet. Up to the hour of the closing of the last mail the city, as I told you had a Sun- day look. I walked about the streets during the evening, and was struck by the silence that seemed to reign every where, and yet not a uniform except that of the police was visible all day long. But the troops were on board Steamers in the river, ready to be thrown ashore at any point at which a dis- turbance might occur, and the knowledge of theis fact no doubt had a salutary influence on the roughs.

About nine o'clock I went to Tammany Hall, the head quarters of the democracy, in which it has for forty or fifty years, been their wont to assemble on the evening of election day, and hear the returns read, and listen to the spouting of their favorite ora- tors. When I arrived I found a stream descending the stairway quite as large as that which was ascending, and from their looks concluded that the news which was coming in was not considered favorable. The hall was densely packed by a moat un- savory crowd, not by any means so dirty or ill dressed as a London audience of the same class, but decidedly ruffianly in ap- pearance and a large propotion evidently Irish.

The lights burned dimly through the thick clouds of tobacco smoke, and there was a strong smell of whiskey. "Captain" Bynoers, a mob leader of great reputation and influence, who is the old times, before the establishment of the city police, was in the habit of controling the elections in many wards of the city, by sending his followers round to the polls, to break the heads of all voters of the opposite party, who attempted to approach them, was ad- dressing the meeting. He is an American, of strong and rather coarse features, and though well dressed, had reduced himself to democratic trim by unbuttoning his waistcoat, taking off his cravat, and unbut- toning his shirt front, and during the pro- cess of his discourse gave his face, neck, and shoulders a vigorous rubbing with a dirty pocket handkerchief. He was evid- ently not in good spirits, and was occupied in preparing his hearers for a disappoint- ment. But this roused them to will, and was very powerful and fierce in suppressing all interruptions which were not of a com- plimentary nature, by threatening to "settle with" the persons making them. When I succeeded in getting a foot-hold on a bench where I could see and hear him, he was engaged in accusing the republican party of an intention to persecute the catholics as soon as they had subjugated the slavehold- ers, and brought down roars of applause by his denunciations of what he called "re- ligious intolerance." From this he passed rapidly to abuse of the negro, and occupied himself in it during the remainder of my stay—nearly half an hour—and anything so ribald and disgusting I have never heard in a public assemblage. He rang the changes for twenty minutes on the smell of the ne- groes, and on their lips, nose, and "wool," and interspersed it all with denun- ciations of the "miscogenators," recurring incessantly to the passion which he ascrib- ed to the republican leaders for "nigger wenches." To the Irish he was very com- plimentary, and the accent in which most of the plaudits were uttered showed that the greater part of his audience were of that nation. One joke, which he repeated se- veral times, invariably brought down the house. It consisted in speaking of some body as a "Frenchman who, from his name, must have been born in Paris, for it was "Micky McGuinness" or 'Pat Reilly.' " Neither the election returns, however, nor his comments on them, were of a nature to keep up the spirits of his audience, and be- fore I left, it had grown very thin.

But his soul is marching on—

There was another democratic gathering of the same kind at Mozart-hall, in which the followers of Fernando Wood, or, as they call him, "Fernando Wud," met for a similar purpose, but as it was in no respect different from that at Tammany-hall. I did not think it worth while to visit it. The republicans had engaged the large hall of the Cooper Institute, the largest room in New York, accommodating, I believe, between three and four thousand persons, had procured a band of music, and had the telegraphic wires brought on to the platform, so that the returns might be read as they arrived. When I reached the place it was densely crowded, and there was a large gathering outside, waiting for news, and taking up the cheering that was heard in the inside. I do not think I ever saw a more enthusias- tic meeting, and the cheering was such as one hardly ever hears under a roof. When the despatch was read announcing that "Glorious Old Massachusetts" as the chair- man called it, had given 60,000 majority for Lincoln, the whole audience rose and gave three cheers and “ one cheer more,” waving their hats, and large numbers stand- ing on the benches in order to give greater range to their shouts. And the difference between their appearance and that of the crowd at Tammany-hall was in itself a com- plete commentary on New York politics. The men before me here plainly belonged to the flower of the native population. They were all well dressed and clean, and a large proportion bore evident marks of New Eng- land origin and training. The high, though rather narrow foreheads, regular and well- cut, but rather sharp features, bright but rather cold eyes, the quick, eager look, and nervous gestures, all told more plainly than words could tell that a large proportion of them had been born or bred on Yankee soil. And if one had any doubt about it, it would have been removed by the way in which all the New England news was received. I don’t think I ever saw such a burst of enthusiasm as followed the announcement that the Massachusetts majority was not 60,000, but 75,000. Some elderly men near me had their eyes filled with tears. Every mention of the names of Grant, or Sherman, or Farragut, brought down the house, no matter how often repeated. In one of the intervals of the speaking, the band was called on for "Yankee Doodle," and there being some delay in commencing it, a number of persons—two or three hundred I should think—began to whistle the air, and whistled it through—finishing amidst tremendous applause. The time passed thus, speaking, cheering, and hearing the telegraphic returns read till near 1 o’clock, apparently without the slightest diminution of the excitement, when there followed a scene such as has, perhaps, never been witnessed at a political meeting. Lincoln's election was now certain, and the chairman requested the band to play the "Old Hundred," which name one has not aptly called the "Puritan war song," and the audience rose and sang the psalm in full chorus, and then broke up, large num- bers singing "John Brown" as they went out : a rather doggrel ditty, originating with the abolitionists at the outset of the war, but since adopted by the army, and in fact by the whole North, as a sort of war song. The air is fine, though simple, and the words have enough of the hymns about them to mingling a religious fervour with the political enthusiasm which they excite.

entertainment, as I have received all the kindness which has welcomed me here, with feelings at once of pleasure and embarrassment; of pleasure at feel- ing that an Englishman who, like you, loves liberty and social justice, has in America a second home; of embarrassment, and almost of shame, when I think how little I can possibly have done to merit such attentions. If a mere writer could ever have been led by this kind welcome to over-estimate his own services, such feelings would have been banish- ed from my mind when I was present at a soldier's funeral and now borne past me the body of one who has given to this cause not mere words of sympathy, but a young, promising, and happy life. I was not even among the last to perceive the claims of your cause upon our sympathies, though, from the time when it came clear out of the mists which at first surrounded it, as the cause not only of your territo- rial greatness but of humanity and civilization, and brought out the nobler part of the national charact- er, which to the eye of distant spectators had been at first obscured, it has received the deep and un- wavering allegiance of my heart. On all grounds, then, I accept this honour, not for myself, but for the great party in England of which I am an ad- herent, and which has followed you with its good wishes through this great struggle. Would that Cobden or Bright were here in my place to represent your English friends more worthily, and to acknow- ledge this tribute in better words than my unprac- tised tongue can command. In truth, little gratitude is due from you to any English liberal who has raised his voice in support of this cause. It is our cause as well as yours. Our hopes of political pro- gress have sunk with your calamities. They will revive with your victories; they will revive with your victories over your enemies in the field; they will revive still more with your moral victories at home. The tidings are now on their way to Eng- land for which English liberals have been waiting with intense anxiety, and which will fill their hearts with gratitude, joy, and renewed hope. This great triumph—this great ratification of the principles for which you have done and suffered so much, and on which your common wealth is founded—will cause almost as much exultation in England as it is causing here. I came here purely in pursuance of my vocation as a student of history, to verify the theory which I had formed. I came to see whether the progress of humanity, which I had learned to trace through all the ages, and believed to be per- petual, had been arrested here. I shall return con- vinced that it has not been arrested. I was told that my visit to America would modify my liberal opinions. In a certain sense I own they have been modified. Till I came here I was—not a revolutionist, for no man can more heartily abhor violent revolu- tions—but somewhat impatient of political evils, and anxious for vehement effort and for immediate change. I shall return with my impatience allayed by a calm assurance of the future. You will suc- ceed in your great experiment, and we shall in the end feel, in the solution of our political problems, the beneficent effects of your success. I came also to see a great political crisis. Would that all those who love and all those who mistrust free institutions, could have seen it also! Would that they could have witnessed as I have the majestic calmness with which, under circumstances the most perilous and exciting, the national decision has been pro- nounced. Here is no anarchy, no military dictator- ship. In the midst of civil war a civilian is re-elect- ed as President by a constitutional process as tran- quil as an English Sabbath day. And no king is more secure in the allegiance of his subjects than is the President in the allegiance of all—even those who voted against him—beneath his elective rule. I would, too, that the English people could witness as I witness the spirit of humanity which returns its power over all the passions of civil war, not- withstanding the greatest provocations; and the absence, which has most forcibly struck me during my residence here, of any bloodthirsty sentiment or any feeling of malignant hatred towards those who are now your antagonists in a civil war, but whom, when they shall have submitted to the law, you will again eagerly welcome as fellow-citizens, and receive into the full communion of the free. Many a prejudice, many an error would be dispell- ed, many harsh judgment would be cancelled, many a bitter word recalled, if only my countrymen could behold with their own eyes what I have be- held and now behold. I will on this occasion dwell on the present state of feeling in England towards this country. You know by this time that we are not, as a section of our press would represent us to be, united in sympathy with your enemies, but that in this as on other political questions we are divid- ed among ourselves, and that the mass of our peo- ple are on your side. Mr. Ward Beecher, who is here present, must have sufficiently assured you of this fact. But I cannot omit on any occasion, least of all on this occasion and in this city, to protest that all Englishmen who have any regard for the honour of England, or even for her real interest as a commercial nation, reprobate and abhor the con- duct of those shipbuilders and merchants of Liver- pool whose ignoble cupidity, regardless alike of public morality and of the welfare of their country, has brought the two nations to the verge of a deso- lating war. No part of the address which Mr. Jay has read finds a more cordial response in my heart, or will find a more cordial response in hearts of my friends, than that which promises future goodwill and peace between England and America. One great cause of our transient estrangement has been removed, as Mr. Jay has most truly remarked, since the slave owner has ceased to fill your councils with his tyrannical spirit, and to inflame the animo- sity of your people against a nation which with all her shortcomings and with all her faults, has been the sincere, constant, and active enemy of slavery. In the councils of England too - at least in the gen- eral sentiment of our nation - a change favourable to the continuance of friendly relations with your country will not fail to ensue when, the alien born of slavery having disappeared, your institutions shall stand forth in their true lineaments and na- tive character, as the first attempt in the history of the world to found a great community on the prin- ciples, on which alone a community worthy of the name can be founded, of common interest and equal right. Your cause, as I said before, is ours; it is the cause of the whole human race. That all the sacrifices you have made for it may be abundantly repaid, that speedy victory may attend your arms, that victory may be followed by perfect reconcilia- tion and the healing of all the wounds which civil war has made, and that you may be guided by the spirit of wisdom and of patriotism through the work of reconstruction, and all the difficulties and problems which remain, is the earnest prayer of thousands and tens of thousands of English hearts, and of none more than mine."

Professor Smith's remarks elicited frequent and enthusiastic applause, and were heard throughout with the deepest attention.

ROYAL RESIDENCE GRAND PALACE BANGKOK
6th FEBRUARY 1865

I was very glad to learn from statement in your paper relating to discovery of the mineral oil in United States of America, the specimen of which I have in my pos- sesion from firm of Markswald & Co. here some time ago. It in case of cold season can be said that it is better than cocoanut oil, for it was not becoming thick for pre- vailing of cold less than 78° Farenheit. But in other case of hot or warm sun in general prevailing in Siam, cannot be said as bet- ter than Cocoanut oil, as the American oil is of strong smell and power of combusti- bility or inflammability ; so it may be con- sidered as dangerous. Also its flame red and producing black smoke for making our room unclean, in case of use in lamp with glass chimney sometime flaming noise of strong flame. For this instance to great care ought to be given in its use. So the require of the cocoanut oil is yet inevitable for our usual lamp.

I shall be glad however to have any per- son who may examine our land and point out where some mineral oil would be ob- tainiable from, either in like manner of the American oil or of the usual Burman mineral oil. It will be good production of our land.

I think such the consideration and en- deavoring is suitable for us who are very far from use of telegraph or railway which endeavor - no doubt might be liable to be favor to thieves, or metalic wires and iron bars and long stones &c before use of telegraph and railroad. Ah! O! many foreign- ers who are endeavoring very often to let us be advised and have great expense for what we think will be of no use for this country of poor and ignorant people.

I would be glad to know as soon as possible who will assist us to point the place for some mineral oil in Siam.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE
Bangkok Recorder.

In an article in the "Siam Times," the writer says, "there is only one step between pure Buddhism and Christianity." If the writer of that article is but a professing Christian, which is but another name for a down-right hypocrite, this language is all which we might expect from him, but if he is a lover of Jesus Christ, his own ex- perience will give the lie to his words, and his own heart condemns him.

Buddh is a dead god, at best a lump of inanimate matter, and his followers are poor blind deluded mortals, wallowing in superstition and sunk in immorality; to them the future is shrouded in eternal night, without one ray of hope, or they look forward to spend it in sensual delight, and unhallowed pleasures.

But the God of the Christian is Jehovah of Hosts, the one living and true God, the Creator of the universe, and Jesus Christ, the sum and centre of the Christian's soul, is , an ever-living, ever-loving God and Saviour, whose service is one of love. No barthen- some rites or superstitious worship does He require of His followers, but the grate- ful homage of a broken and contrite heart, are in His sight the offering of peerless value, "in spirit and in truth," God, our God must be worshipped, or not at all.

Nor in the Christian's hopes bounded by time, he looks forward with bright antici- pations to the future, into the world of spirits, in sure and certain hope of spend- ing a happy, yea a glorious Eternity, with the pure and holy in his Father's house, where Jesus dwells enthroned in glory.

How immeasurable the distance between the two systems, any reflecting mind may at once perceive, and any honest heart ac- knowledge, that it is not "one step" but Eternity.

MR SANDS STATEMENT

Finding that there was an likely-hood of getting to Bangkok in this way, the Gov- ernor ordered the elephants to be got in readiness, and on the 28th Dec we took our final departure from Champoon, Char- les Herring (who was still sick) on one, James Maxwell and myself on the other, accompanied by a party of Siamese on foot. We went as far as Bansuan on that day, and put up at a Josh-house for the night.

Charles Herring being sick before we started, the jotting of the elephant made him worse, and being of opinion that he could not bear the fatigue of traveling any farther, I came to the conclusion to leave him behind, but the Siamese officers not approving of this, and the man himself desiring to proceed, I thought it best to take him along with me. Next day the 29th we had to wait for another elephant the officers seeming to think that two were not sufficient, that day Charles Herring ap- peared much better, and on the 30th we resumed our journey and arrived at Pa- thieu, one of the officers took me to the Governor's house, where I received the same kind trearment as at my former visit. Finding that C. Herring, was getting worse with the consent of the Siamese officials, I left him at Pathieu, with the Governor, who furnished me before starting, with some provisions for the road, in the even- ing we rested in a bananna plantation for the night . On January 1st 1865 we rested on the South bank of the river, which div- vides Pathieu from Bankapan. These two districts (except about the Governors) ap- pear to be one dense forest, yielding large quantities of wood oil, many of the trees being of immense size. At Bankapan we stopped at the Governors, and put up in a bamboo-shed, which appears to be intend- ed chiefly for travelers. We were detained here for two days, and then forwarded on carts drawn by buffaloes. About two hours after we started we came to a small stream where we stopped, and unyoked the Buffa- loes, to have a "roll in the gutter." This was done two or three times a day, which stopped us greatly to our progress. In the evening we came to a cleared spot, which had been cultivated, marks of the hand of man were here visible, the denseness of the forest, being relieved by patches of cleared land at intervals. We reached Papayla on the 6th. Here the country is clear for miles around, running waste and uncultivated, with but very few inhabitants. On the 7th, continuing our journey, we came into a mountainous district. Along the mountain side the land is well cleared, and apparently very fertile, if we may judge by the grass growing upon it, which is about five feet high. Deer, Junglefowl &c are plentiful here. We rested for the night at Cow Leow mountains. Our usual custom when we could not reach a house, was to sleep under the carts, after having set a watch to keep the fires burning, which we were oblidged to do, there being tigers prowling around us.

Our mode of cooking was somewhat primitive, each being for the time his own cook. Upon stopping for the night, which always where wood and water could be conveniently found, we proceeded to erect our [ires. This was done in various ways, either by taking two sticks, about six or eight inches in diameter, and placing them parallel to each other at convenient distances, so that our pot would sit be- tween, and catch each of them, the fire be- ing between them; or we made a hole in the ground a little smaller than the pot, having one side open to admit the fire- wood and air; sometimes three stones placed at right angles answered our purpose.

We were to the natives of the district through which we passed, what Jack terms "a perfect curio," as soon as we arrived at any place, the inhabitants would all gather round staring at us, no matter how tired we were, or how much we desired to be free from observation, we could not keep the natives away, whether we were cooking or eating, they were always present, watch- ing all our movements, making enquiry what kind of food we eat, &c. of the Escort, which accompanied us, and upon learning the didèrent kinds we used, they would sometimes bring us an old fighting cock, (one that had been through his degrees in the cock pit,) with him we made excellent soup Our mode of killing and dressing Mr. Rouster, was to them a source of merriment; but their greatest wonder was, to find that we lived without using beetle nut, this was to them a matter of great surprise. This evening we rested on the beach at the foot of the Hoa-one Mountain. Upon starting next morning, our road led round the moun- tain, and after traveling all day we did not make 4 mités in the right direction.

We arrived at Putunap the 10th and remained till the 12th. This part of the country is very beautiful, being well cleared and cultivated in many places. Deer and Jungle-fowl are plentiful, we journied and passed through Pran, Suchoup, Cham, and after various delays we arrived at Petch- aburee on the 30th Jan.; but did not see the Governor, he having gone down the river with His Majesty the Supreme King, who was about to return to Bangkok.

The Governor returned about 4 P. M. when I went and reported myself to him. He received me kindly and promised to forward the party to Bangkok the follow- ing day. The same evening a message was sent from His Excellency the Prime Minis- ter for me to come to his residence, the Governor having informed him of our arri- val. I went to his Excellency's who after hearing my statement of the loss of the Fah Kee, gave orders that we should be sent on board of the Steam Yacht Volant, then lying at the mouth of the river; and next morning we started for Bangkok where we arrived at 7 P.M. 21st Jan. 1865.

CORRECTION

A note from His Majesty the Supreme King of Siam, states, that "Klawng Bang Huang" is not the name of the canal near the mouth of which our office is situated, but that "Klawng Bangkok Yai" is the proper name. Europeans will please re- member this correction.

ODDS AND ENDS.

Tongues are apt to be unruly, for, as we can’t see them, it is impossible to keep a watch on them.

"Bobby what is steam?" "Boiling water' That's right, compare it." "Positive, boil; comparative, boiler; superlative, burst."

"There’s two ways of doing it" said Pat to him- self, as he stood amused and waiting for a job. "If I save two thousand dollars I must lay up a hundred a year for twenty years, or I can put away ten dollars a year for two hundred years; Now which shall I do :

"Sir I will make you feel the arrows of my resent- ment." "Ah! Miss, why should I fear your arrows when you never had a beau?"

"So you wouldn't take me to be twenty!” said a rich heiress to an Irish gentleman, while dancing the polka. " What would you take me for then ? "For better or worse," replied the son of the Emerald Isle

They tell the story of a young lady of temperate habits, who was advised by her physician to take ale to fatten her up. She bought a quart bottle of the article, and drank a tea-spoonful twice a day in a tumbler of water, but finding that she was fattening too rapidly, reduced the dose one half, and was kept within bounds."

Mrs. Partington is of opinion that Mount Vesuvius should take saranparilla to cure itself of eruptions. The old lady thinks it has been vomiting so long nothing else would stay on its stomach.

It is an ill filled mind that is filled with other people's thoughts

๏ ข่าวมาแต่เมืองนอก

๏ อนึ่ง ดานิเอิล เวร์ศแดเฟลค์, ผู้ อยู่ เมือง นุยอก, ยัง กำลัง ต่อ กำปั่น กลไฟ อยู่ ลำ หนึ่ง, เพื่อ พวก คน ใหญ่ ที่ เรียก ว่า, เปซิฟิก ซะตีม แนฟิแกซัน กัมปะนี, ที่ ตั้ง อยู่ ณะ เมือง ลิเวอปูล แขวง เมือง อังกฤษ. กำปั่น กลไฟ ที่ เขา ยัง กำลัง ต่อ อยู่ นั้น, จะ ให้ ชื่อ ว่า เฟเวอริก, จะ แล่น เร็ว กว่า กำปั่น ไฟ ทั้ง ปวง ทั่ว โลกย์. โดย ยาว นั้น ได้ ๒๐๐ ฟุต, โดย กว้าง ได้ ๓๐ ฟุต, ได้ ดาศฟ้า ลง ไป นั้น ฦก ได้ ๑๙ ฟุต. เขา ต่อ ดว้ย ของ ดี ยิ่ง ที่ สุด, เขา หมาย ว่า จะ ให้ เปน เรือ กลไฟ สำรับ คน โดยสาร, แก บันทุก สิ่ง ของ คว้ย, ที่ จะ เปนอ ย่าง เอก ที่ เดียว.

๏ อนึ่ง ที่ ใน เมือง อังกฤษ นั้น, เขา ยัง กำลัง ต่อ กำปั่น รบ หุ้ม ดว้ย เหล็ก, ๓๖ ลำ ใหญ่ ๆ, ที่ แล้ว นั้น ก็ หลาย ลำ, เกือบ จะ เอา ลง น้ำ อยู่ แล้ว. การ ที่ เขา หุ้ม เหล็ก นั้น, เพื่อ ประสงค์ การ เมื่อ กำลัง รบ กัน นั้น จะ ไม่ เสีย คว้ย ลูก ปืน ใหญ่ อัน ยิง มา ถูก เข้า. แก่ เหล็ก หุ้ม นั้น หนา ได้ ๔ นิ้ว บ้าง, ๖ นิ้ว บ้าง.

๏ อนึ่ง เมือง ปิกซมปอคะ, แขวง เมือง เปนซิลวเนีย ประเทศ อเมริกัน นั้น, มี ตึก ใหญ่ สำรับ ทำ เครื่อง เหล็ก ๔๖ ตึก. ใน ตึก ๔๖ นั้น, ไค้ ใช้ เหล็ก ปี ละ ๔๖๐๐๐ ตอน, คิด เปน น้ำ หนัก ตาม ไทย ได้ ประ มาณ ล้าน หาบ. เขา ไค้ เสีย เงิน ค่า จ้าง ปี ละ ล้าน เหรียน.

๏ อนึ่ง มี แร่ อย่าง หนึ่ง, ที่ พืง ไค้ รู้ จัก มา บ้าง ไค้ ประมาณ ๓๐ ปี แล้ว, ที่ เขา เรียก ว่า แมกนีเซียม. แต่ ทุก วัน นี้ ได้ รู้ ลักซณ แร่ นั้น ละเอียด ขึ้น.

๏ ของ นั้น เมื่อ ถลุง ออก แล้ว, เขา เรียก ว่า แมกนีเซียม. ศีมัน เหมือน อย่าง ตกั่วเกรียบ, แล้ว เบา เหมือน อย่าง กอ๊ก แล ไม่ โสน, ทั้ง เหนียว แล แขง ดว้ย, เหมือน อย่าง ไฟไหม้ เหนียว ๆ. เมื่อ จุด ไฟ ติด เข้า มี แสง สว่าง กล้า, เหมือน อย่าง เหล็ก กล้า ที่ ไห้ม อยู่ ใน ดอก ซีเซ็น, คือ สิ่ง หนึ่ง ที่ ประสม อยู่ กับ ไนยโตรเซ็น, เปน ศม อากาษ ตาม ธรรมดา นั้น. แก่ แมกนี เซียม นั้น, ก็ ไห้ม อยู่ ใน ลม อากาษ ตาม ธรรมดา, เหมือน อย่าง ไฟไหม้ สารพัด ไม้ ทั้ง ปวง. แสง สว่าง ที่ บังเกิด เพราะ แมก นีเซียม นั้น, เมื่อ กำลัง ไห้ม อยู่ นั้น, สว่างกล้า คล้าย ๆ แสง อาทิตย. แต่ง แห่ง กอ้น แมกนีเขียม นั้น, ถ้า จะ จุด ไฟ เข้า ใน เพลา กลาง คืน, จะ มี แสง สว่าง ออก ไป ไกล ใน ทาง ทะเ ลได้ ประมาณ สอง โยชน์. แสง สว่าง นี้ จะใช้การแตน แสง สว่าง แห่ง อาทิตย์, เมื่อ ชัก เงา รูป ก็ ได้, เขา คิด ว่า จะ ใช้ แมกนีเขียม นั้น แทน ไม้ ใน การ ที่ จะ ต่อ กำปั่น ได้, เพราะ มัน เบา กว่า ไม้, แล ดี กว่า เหล็ก, เหตุ ว่า มัน ไม่ เปน สนิม เลย. ถ้า แล กำปั่น นั้น บังเกิด เพลิง ไห้ม ขึ้น, เหน จะ มี แสง สว่าง กล้า นัก.

๏ ข้าพเจ้า ผู้เขียน หนังสือ นี้, คิด หมาย ว่า จะ มี แร่ แมกนีเซียม ที่ เมือง นิวเซอซี, ใน ประเทศ อเมริกา นั้น มาก, ภอ ที่ จะ ใช้ ทำ การ ใหญ่ ๆ ได้. แล ดี เกลือ เทศ นั้น ก็ ยัง เกิด ขึ้น แต่ แร่ แมกนีเซียม นั้น ดว้ย.

๏ อนึ่ง ไม้ กอ๊ก ที่ เบา นั้น, ที่ พวก อังกฤษ ใช้ สำรับ อุด ขวด นั้น, มัน เปน เปลือก ไม้, บังเกิด แต่ ไม้ ได้ ไม้ โอก อย่าง หนึ่ง, ที่ มี อยู่ ใน ประเทศ ยุรพ ฝ่าย ใต้, คือ เมือง ฝรั่ง เศศ, แล เมือง ซะเปน, แล เมือง โปตุเก็ด, แล เมือง อิตตาลี. ครั้น ต้นไม้ นั้น โต ขึ้น ได้ ประมาณ ๒๖ ปี แล้ว, เปลือก มัน ก็ ภอ ควร ที่ จะใช้ ทำ กอ๊ก อุด ขวด ได้. ครั้น ล่วง ไป อีก ๘ ปี, ก็ ลอก เปลือก ออก อีก ได้. ถ้า แล ประมาณ ได้ ๔ ปี แล้ว, ก็ ลอด เปลือก ได้ ทุก ครั้ง. เปลือก นั้น ก็ ยิ่ง ก็ ชิ้น ทุก คราว ๆ. คน โบราณ ใน พวก เอเล็น แล พวก โรม นั้น, ได้ รู้จัก เปลือก กอ๊ก นั้น, เคย ใช้ มา แต่ ก่อน บ้าง. แต่ ครั้ง เมื่อ เกิด วิชา ทำ ขวด แก้ว ขึ้น ได้, ใน คฤศศัก ราช ๑๕๐๐ ปี, เขา ยัง ไม่ รู้จัก ใช้ เปลือก กอ๊ก อุก ขวด ก่อน, ต่อ เมื่อ คฤศศักราช ได้ ๑๗๐๐ ปี เศศ. คราว นั้น พวก หมอ ที่ เมือง เซอมินี, ได้ เอา เปลือก นั้น มา ใช้ อุก ขวด ยา ก่อน, เปน เติม ที่ ได้ ใช้ เปลือก กอ๊ก เปน เครื่อง อุด ขวด, มา จน ตราบ เท่า ทุก วัน นี้ แล.

๏ อนึ่ง มี ข่าว มา แต่ เมือง อมริกัน ว่า, เซ็นเนอเร็ล เซอมัน, ฝ่าย เมือง อเมริกัน เปน แม่ทัพ ใหญ่, ยก กองทัพ ไป ตี เมือง พวก ขบถ ใน ที่ เรียก ว่า ซอเซีย นั้น, ได้ ทำ ลาย บ้าน เมือง ใหญ่ ๆ เสีย หลาย แห่ง หลาย ตำบล, ฝ่าย พวก ขบถ นั้น ไม่ อาจ จะ ต้าน ทาน ได้.

๏ อนึ่ง ที่ ภูเขา ใน เมือง มันซะเตอ แขวง เมือง ปรอยเซีย นั้น, เขา ฟัง ได้ ภบ แร่ ตกั่ว นม มี เนื้อ ตกั่ว มาก, ที่ บริเวณ นั้น กว้าง ขวาง มาก. เขา ได้ ว่า ตกั่ว นั้น ภอ จะ ตอ้ง การใช้ ทั่ว ประเทศ ยุโรบ ตลอต ทุก ปี ๆ ไม่ ตอ้ง หา ที่ อื่น.