The Bangkok Recorder.

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Telegrams.

London 5th JULY.—-The Moniteur of to-day officially announced that Aus- tria had ceded Venetia to France, and had accepted the mediation of the Em- peror Napoleon for the conclusion of peace.

Communications have been addressed by the Emperor to the Prussian and Italian Governments in order to obtain an armis- tice between the belligerents.

In the last battle fought in Bohemia the Prussians captured 14,000 prisoners and 116 guns.

5th JULY.—-In last battle in Bohemia, Prussians captured 14,000 Prisoners and 116 Guns.

"London, July 6th, (morning):—- Garibaldians unsuccessfully attacked Austrians—Garibaldi wounded. Mar- riage Princess Helena yesterday.

JULY 7TH.—-The Prussian Government has rejected the proposals of Austria for an armistice between the belligerent Powers. The communications addressed by the Emperor Napoleon to Prussia and Italy have not yet been answered, the Italian Government having consulted Prussia as to the advisability of conclud- ing an armistice.

The cession of Venetia to France has caused great discontent in Italy.

A battle has been fought in which the Prussians defeated the Bavarian troops.

The "Great Eastern" has sailed for America with the new Atlantic cable.

Advices from Canada state that the Parliament had resolved to demand in- demnity from the United States Govern- ment for the damage committed by the Fenian raiders.

July 7th, (Afternoon):—-Italians re- sumed operations. Madras Cotton 6¾d."

JULY 9TH.—-Prussians continue to ad- vance into Bohemia—Austrians retreat- ing. Cialdini crossed the Po. Nothing positive concerning Armistice negoti- ations. Tone of the Liverpool Cotton Market somewhat firmer.

JULY 10TH.—-"Great Eastern" com- menced laying Cable. 7 lbs. Shirtings 12s. 6d.; 8½ lbs. do.-—15s. No. 40 Mule Twist 1s. 9d. Manchester Market firm, but lit- tle doing. Cotton unintelligible.

11TH JULY.—-Asserted that Prussia de- clined Armistice. Stated that Austrians commenced evacuation of Venetia. Cial- dini and Garibaldi repulsed Austrian party of reconnaisance. Liverpool Cot- ton Market firm and active.

JULY 12TH.—-Sir Hugh Rose raised to the Peerage. Prince Napoleon gone to Italy. Armed mediation of France de- nied.

JULY 20TH.—It is announced that Prussia has accepted bases of arrange- ment—and agreed to abstain from hos- tilities for five days. Prussians besieging Mentz.

JULY 21ST.—Austria accepted propo- sals of Prussia to abstain from hostilities five days: during which Austria must a- gree to preliminaries of peace.

JULY 23D.—Austria and Prussia a- greed to the preliminaries of Peace. Austria is excluded from the Confeder- ation.

JULY 24TH.—Italy has agreed to a suspension of hostilities. Reform Riots in Hyde Park: Mobs effected entrance notwithstanding the opposition of the Police—Many injured.

JULY 29TH.—Preliminaries of Peace signed. Armistice indefinitely prolonged. Prussians remain in Bohemia and Mora- via. Atlantic Cable successfully laid.

America.

The Senate had passed the bill to con- tinue in force for two years the Freed- men's Bureau. The bill now goes to the House of Representatives for concur- rence.

Mr. Seward is rumoured to have con- cluded a secret treaty with the Emperor Napoleon, the understanding being that the United States should observe strict neutrality and non-intervention in the af- fairs of Mexico. After the withdrawal of the French, Maximilian would secure his election as President, and would af- terwards declare himself emperor, thus avoiding the Monroe doctrine.

Cholera had appeared at Elizabeth, New Jersey; 40 cases, 11 having been fatal, have been reported.

The freedmen have been creating disorders in Sumter county, South Caro- lina, and detachments of regulars have been sent there to preserve order.

Martial law is being enforced in five counties of Florida, in consequence of the civil authorities failing to protect loyal persons.

It is reported that the Radicals are a- bout to assemble a caucus at Washing- ton to take measures to counteract the influence of the National Club. They will, it is stated, nominate General Grant for the Presidency.

Spain.

A Madrid letter in the Paris, gives the subjoined narrative of the execution of the sergeants implicated in the revolt in that city:—

At noon, two days back, 21 young fel- lows of the army engaged in the late in- surrection, almost all of handsome ap- pearance, were taken out of the prisons, and, after being tied together two by two, were placed in carriages with the windows wide open, and escorted by a numerous body of troops to the place of execution. a spot selected in the vacant ground between the Salamanca Palace and the Champa Elysees. There was a preliminary ceremony of military degra- dation ; a promenade under the flag ; then a discourse, which I could not hear, but which lasted two hours, during which time these unfortunate men must have already suffered a thousand deaths. An enormous crowd which had followed the procession was kept at a distancess by the troops. At last the 21 victims were ringed in file, at about a yard's distance from a low clay wall, with their backs to the soldiers, and then the discharge took place. Nearly all of them fell. At that moment the Hermanaos de la Caridad, or Brothers of Charity rushed forward to save at least a few, but were repulsed by the troops, and the firing recommenced and continued. The firing went on and more than 200 shots were fired. What a sight! I saw one man raise himself three times and fall again on his knees with his arms extended in a direction from which a piercing voice was heard to shriek in the midst of the mass re- “Federico! Federico!” The soldiers then approached the corpses, turned some of them over with their feet, and still perceiving some signs of life here and there, discharged a last shot point black. All was then over. The bodies were thrown upon tumbrils, and the re- giments filed off, some to an air of the Norma ; some to one of the Semisamide. Thirty more are to be shot in a day or two—-soldiers also ; the rest will come af- ter. Let us hope the queen will show some compassion.

Public order remains undisturbed in Madrid and the provinces. and no appre- hension exists of fresh disturbances.

Straits Transfer.

A bill before the House of Commons provides that the Straits Settlements— that is to say, the island of Singapore, Prince of Wales' Island, and Malacca— shall, at a time to be fixed by Order in Council, cease to be part of India ; and Her Majesty in Council may establish laws and constitute Courts for the gov- ernment of these Settlements. This transfer from the Indian to the home administration is made at the desire of the merchants in the Settlements. It will not entail any charge on the finances of the country—-the Settlements will be self-supporting. Sir Hercules Robinson was instructed by the late Duke of New- castle to report upon the subject of this change, and the report, which was made two years ago, recommends that the three Settlements be incorporated into one Crown colony, under one governor, with an executive council, and that for all legislative purposes there should be one council, composed, as in Ceylon and Hongkong, of official and unofficial mem- bers nominated by the Crown, the Go- vernor to be enjoined to visit Penang and Malacca for the certain portion of the year.

European War.

[The following communication is from one who seems to be fully con- versant with the state of affairs on the Continent of Europe, and therefore may be relied upon as correct.]

Great events have taken place since my last communication. The war has actually broken out. The Prussian armies entered the capitals of Saxony, Hanover and Hessen.

The king of Saxony fled with his army of 30,000 men to the Austrian province of Bohemia.

The king of Hanover tried with his army of 20,000 men to reach Austria or Bohemia, but he was surrounded by a Prussian army, and after a battle at Langensalza, which the Hanover- ians fought with great courage, the Hanoverians surrendered on the 28th June to the Prussians, 20,000 men, cannon, munitions of war etc. etc. The king of Hanover, generals and officers were allowed to retire to any place they liked. The army was dis- banded and sent home; king, officers and army swearing not to fight against Prussia during the war.

The Grand Duke of Hessen was taken prisoner in his capital and sent to the Prussian Royal castle at Stettin on the 25th June. He is however al- lowed to visit quite freely through the town of Stettin.

Since the last 14 days other great events have taken place. Prussia enter- ed with three different armies into Bohemia, Austria. The 1st army is commanded by H. R. H. The Crown Prince; the 2nd army, by Prince Fredrick Charles, nephew of the king of Prussia; and the 3d by General Herwarth v. Bittenfeld.

On the 27th June the 1st army gave battle to an Austrian army at the small town of Nachod in Bohemia; the Prussians won the battle making about 8,000 prisoners, 20 cannon etc.

On the 28th the 2nd army gave battle to an Austrian army near Mua- chengratz in Bohemia, the Prussians were again victorious making 4,000 prisoners.

Different other small encounters took place, a larger one near the Castle of Seihrow, where the Prussians made 1500 prisoners.

On the 29th another great battle took place at Gitschin. The Prussian army was again victorious making about 6,000 prisoners, driving the Austrians from this well fortified place. So that up to the 1st July the Prussians made 20,000 Austrian pri- soners. By this victory the Prussian armies of the Crown Prince and Prince Fredrick Charles became united in Bohemia.

On the 1st July H. M. the King of Prussia left Berlin and arrived at Git- schin on the 2d July.

On the 3d July a still greater battle took place between the whole Prussian armies and the Austrian armies, the battle lasted 8 hours; the Prussians were commanded by H. M. the King; the Prussians winning again, routing entirely the Austrian army, making 20,000 prisoners, 120 cannon, and an immense amount of war material. 3 Austrian Arch-dukes were wounded, several Austrian generals were made prisoners. The loss in dead and wounded is very large on both sides, but perhaps double on the Austrian side, on account of the Prussian needle guns and rayed cannon. It is impos- sible to describe the result of these terrific needle guns and rayed cannons, both Prussian inventions.

The Austrians fired about once a minute with their old guns, the Prus- sians about four or five times, besides being more accurate and carrying a greater distance. It is reported from good authority, that entire Austrian battalions refused to stand against these terrific guns and cannon, seeing that it was useless to fight at a dis- tance not being able to approach so that their musketry would have good effect.

On the 4th July the Austrian Field Marshal Benedek sent Gen. Gablenz to the king of Prussia suing for an armistice, which was refused.

On the 8th the Prussians head quarters were at Pardubitz an import- ant central point of the Austrian rail- ways in Bohemia. The Prussian armies are still advancing; the Austrians retiring.

The other Prussian armies in Sax- ony, Hessen etc. had slight engage- ments with the Bavarian troops with- out importance.

The Italians declared war against the Austrians and Bavarians on the 18th June. They gave battle to the Austrian armies at Custozza in the kingdom of Verona on the 24th June, in which they lost 2,000 prisoners, and the Austrians 1,200. The Aus- trians claim the victory, the Italians deny this, and say that it was only a great skirmish at best ; but there is no doubt that the Austrians won the day, and that the Italians were obliged partly to retire, but without losing the battle entirely.

Prussia in all her dealings with the conquered countries of Saxony, Han- over, Hessen, and part of Bohemia acts exceedingly friendly and fair to the populations, not levying any mon- etary taxes and not taking possession of any collections of arts, paintings or valuable curiosities, always declaring that Prussia wars not with the people but only with the ill guided Kings and governments who are under the com- mand of Austria, and the Catholic clergy party who wish to crush Pro- testant Prussia.

You cannot imagine how many false reports are spread all over Eu- rope by persons whose interest it is to hide the truth, and so it comes that many newspapers give altogether false reports.

The reports I send to you are en- tirely to be relied upon.

On the 4th July, after the Emper- or of Austria heard of the lost battle of the 3d, a council of all the minis- ters was held at Vienna till late in the night, and the desperate state of the Austrian army in Bohemia was certi- fied. The Emperor and ministers have been for a long time aware that they cannot keep Venetia much longer, but they were in honor bound to show fight and to make Europe believe that they were not afraid of the Italians, and that if they would cede Venetia they would do it by their own free will. A better moment than after they had won the battle of Custozza could not be, but they allowed it to pass ; and rather late the Emperor of Austria, after hearing of the lost battle of July 3d, telegraphed to the Emper- or Napoleon on the 4th or 5th July, that he, the Emperor of Austria, ceded to the Emperor Napoleon, part of the kingdom of Venetia, and requested the Emperor Napoleon to arrange an armistice between Austria, Italy and Prussia.

Up to this date no decision is taken. The report says, that Italy is not will- ing to give up the war, without Prus- sia, as Italy and Prussia after their treaties cannot single handed make peace. There is no doubt that des- patches and telegraphic messages are hourly exchanged between France and Austria, and France with Italy and Prussia, but I do not believe much in these peace like reports, unless Italy receives entirely the kingdom of Ven- etia, and Prussia keeps the supremacy over Northern Germany.

DR. SCHWARZ has communicated to the JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARTS the following simple method of preserving small quantities of ice, which he has practised with success. Put the ice in a deep dish or jug, cover it with a plate, place the vessel on a pillow stuffed with feathers, and cover the top with another pillow carefully, by this means excluding the external air. Feathers are, it is well known, bad conductors of heat, and in consequence the ice is preserved from melting. Dr. Schwarz states that he has thus preserved six pounds of ice for eight days. The plan is simple, and within the reach of every household.

WHITE USED FOR MOURNING.—-At Combe, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire, the custom is as follows, when an unmarried person, under thirty (speaking in the rough) of either sex, is buried:—-If, as in the case of a child's funeral, the bear- ers are young women, they wear white dresses (commonly nothing better than petticoats), and white bonnets, with black cloaks or shawls ; if, as in the case of an older person's funeral, they are young men, they are dressed in black, but wear white gloves and white neck-ties; the pall is white. At Stonesfield, an adjoin- ing parish on the north, I found the fol- lowing additional custom, on recently of- ficiating there at the funeral of a little boy. While I read “Man is born of a woman,” &c., the four girls held the white pall by its four corners, over the coffin ; after the coffin had been lowered into the grave, they held the pall over it in a similar manner, until the service was concluded.—-NOTES AND QUERIES.

How to Produce Eggs.—-“J. H. F.” writes to the PRAIRIE FARMER; “A hen is a perfect machine which if cared for as it should be, being kept in comfortable quarters and fed with care, will produce eggs in spite of herself. If as a rule a hen is kept clean (for nothing enjoys clean- liness more than a hen) and furnished a supply of grain, meat and vegetables, she will produce the eggs which she has got to lay or die. Take away the flesh and vegetables and small grain and give corn and water alone and your hens will cease to lay and become fat. Corn in it- self has less of the properties which make the egg than any of the smaller grains which we raise. Rice, wheat, barley and buckwheat are best for eggs.

BENEFIT OF PLOWING.—-"Farmer writes to the MAINE FARMER:—-"After living on a farm for half a century prac- tising and experimenting, observation and experience teach me that plowing, in- stead of being an injury, is a great bene- fit to any land. My method of treating waste or pasture land is to first plow it and sow with grain. The next season I lay it down, and turn it to pasture for a- bout four, years, observing to keep stock on the land night as well as day for the summer season. Then I plow again and take off another crop of grain, after which turn to pasture as before. My land managed in this way fifteen or twenty years, is in as high a state of cultivation as the best manured land I have."

HARROWING.—-One of the most im- portant operations on the farm is the preparation of the ground for the seed. Among these is a careful harrowing of the ground. The cultivator either for oxen or a hors is a valuable aid on most soils towards pulverizing the earth. An extra harrowing is labor never lost. Amid the hurry of planting we are apt to over- look the importance of the value of a fine mellow soil. We never think of sowing beds in our garden without har- ing the soil as deep and mellow as pos- sible. Let Buck and Broad go over the ground once more, even though the boys do protest against it. Tell them it will be all the easier for it.-—MAINE FARMER.

MR. PEABODY IN NEW ENGLAND.-—Mr. George Peabody, the eminent American banker and philanthropist of London, reached Boston last week in the Scotia, and has been received with distinguished marks of honor in his native State, as he will be in every part of the country that he may visit. Mr. Peabody was born in Danvers, Mass., February 18th, 1795. He started in life poor, as a clerk in a grocery store in his native town. In 1814, he became engaged in the whole- sale dry goods business at Georgetown, D. C. The house prospered and was trans- ferred to Baltimore. In 1822, branches of the house were established at New York and Philadelphia. He went to England in 1837, and established himself as a merchant and banker in London in 1843. His house thenceforth became the headquarters of Americans in London. In 1852, he gave to his native town of Danvers the sum of $80,000 to found a library and institute, and to North Dan- ver $10,000 for a branch library. In 1856, he gave $800,000 to found a liter- ary and scientific institute at Baltimore, with a pledge to increase this sum to $500,000. He also gave $10,000 to the Grinnell Arctic expedition. His benefac- tions to the poor of London amount in the aggregate to $2,250,000. History furnishes no parallel to this instance of private charity by a living man.—-NEW YORK OBSERVER, MAY 10TH.

Bangkok Recorder:

Rangoon, Bangkok & Singa-
pore Telegraph Line.

We rejoice in hearing from Singa- pore of the continued success of the Telegraph Company concerned in the projected line from Rangoon to that place. It appears that their wishes have been fully granted by the Malay governments of Jehore, Rambow, and Selangore. It remains only for the Company to obtain from the govern- ment of Perak (a small Malay State between Selangore on the south and Quedah on the north—-a tributary State of Siam) the privilege of cross- ing her territory with their line, when the way will have been fully prepar- ed for commencing its construction. In consequence of some civil commo- tions at present existing in that State, this concession may be delayed a little, but with no danger that it will be re- fused.

The English government at home, we learn, is much pleased with the project, and expresses lively gratitude to the Siamese government for its prompt and noble encouragement of it. Hence we conclude there is much reason to hope that the line will be completed within two years, together with its contemplated Bangkok Branch, and its extention also to Ba- tavia.

O what good times we shall then have in our lightening communications with India, Europe, and America.

Petchaburee No. 8.

Though a native plough be not worthy of the name, as remarked in our last article, we think it worthy of a description. Their ploughs are of two kinds, one designed to be drawn by a single buffalo, and the other by a yoke of oxen. The difference be- tween them is mainly in the length of the beam. The plough for a single buffalo has a beam only about four feet long; but the beam for a yoke of oxen is from 10 to 12 feet in length, proceeding forward from the handle with an upward curve, then down- ward, and the... again upward to a slender and graceful point which is seen above the heads of the oxen and 18 or 20 inches a head of them. This long beam saves the necessity of having any rope or chain with which to draw the plough. The yoke is attached to it by means of a rope passing through auger holes in it, and around wooden pins in the plough beam some 3 feet from its an- terior end. The end where it curves above the heads of the oxen serves an important purpose aside from mere fancy. Cords passing from the nasal septum of each ox is made fast to it, with sufficient tightness to keep the heads of the cattle quite elevated, causing them to look peculiarly smart, and making them, it is said, much more manageable than without such an expedient. But for it they could not, it is thought, be kept in the track marked out for them, as they loose all recollection of duty in their hun- ting for some thing to eat as they plod along. Such appears not to be the weakness of the buffalo, and con- sequently, needing no such martin- gales to keep his head up, he is hitch- ed to a plough with a short beam and draws it by means of rope traces passing from a rude whippletree to a wooden yoke fixed on his neck by a rope in the place of our ox bow. The yoke is in the form of a crescent with its extremities curving a little outward in the form of a small knob. To these knobs the traces are tied. You will see the buffalo going along with great apparent careless- ness, always holding his head near the ground, snapping up here and there a mouthful of grass, and yet never losing the furrow by which he is to walk. The only trouble seems to be, that he will halt a little to get what he wishes to eat. He, as well as the oxen, is guided by reins fas- tened to his nostrils.

A yoke designed for a pair of oxen is often a simple, straight and round- ed stick 2¾ inches in diameter and 3¾ feet long. Some of them are more tasty by having a slight bend down- ward in their middle with a little enlargement there for an auger hole for the rope of the plough or the tongue of a cart to be attached, a slight curve upward and then downward for the necks of the oxen, ending in a little curve upward. The neck of each ox is confined to its place by means of two straight wooden pins three quar- ters of an inch in diameter and a foot long, passing through the yoke in the place of a bow, being less open at the top than at the bottom, and then small cords, passing under the neck tied to the upper ends of the pins, complete all the purposes of an ox- bow.

The two kinds of ploughs are a- bout equally strong, but neither of them strong enough to stand a hard pull from a yoke of ordinary western oxen. The one for a buffalo would not usually weigh more than 30 lbs. Its runner and mould board is a na- tural crotch being one and the same stick, the shorter branch of the crotch serving for the mould board, and the longer branch for the runner. The latter is about two feet long by 10 inches round. It comes to a small point at its nose fitted for the socket of the ploughshare. The latter, but a little larger than a large human hand, is made of cast iron the shape of half of a large ovate leaf cut square off in the middle. Its upper plane is flat inclining a very little to the right hand when in its place. It bulges out on the under side to form a flattened socket to receive the nose of the runner. It is never fas- tened in its place excepting by a close fit, their owners wishing to have them so that they may be knocked off at night and carried home to secure them from thieves.

The mould board, if such it can be called, is only of the same width of the runner, but made thinner, curving backward and upward about 12 inch- es. It has a slight inclination to the right hand to favor the turning of the clods to that side rather than the oth- er. Being a natural branch of the runner it needs nothing to strengthen it. The hinder end of the beam cur- ves down and is framed into the back end of the runner. The handle of the plough (for there are never two) is a natural crook forming a large segment of a circle four feet long, passes through the beam just behind the mould board, and is framed in the runner near the acute angle made by the two.

Now such is all there is of a Siamese plough, the wood part costing only 75 cents, and the iron 15 cents. It cuts a furrow 2 inches deep and from 5 to 6 inches wide. We should judge that only about half of the clods it breaks up are turned over by it. It does its work very imper- fectly at the best.

The natives plough in the same way as we do in America, going round and round a plat of the lot or the whole, if it be but small, until it is all cut up. The teams alway have rope reins fastened to their nos- trils, and these the ploughmen take in their left hand while they hold the plough with the other.

The native Harrow.

This, as before intimated, is sim- ply a large wooden rake, consisting of a rounded stick of tough wood 3 inches in diameter, having 10 or 12 teeth. It has a hoop shape handle for the convenience of lifting it up to shake off grass and stubble that get entangled in its teeth, and for bearing down to give it more execution when needed. Its tongue is made of two small bamboos and extends far enough ahead to admit of tying to it the cords from the nostrils of the oxen and forcing them to hold up their heads.

Prof. John Silsby.

We have recently received two num- bers of "The Nationalist " a sheet 36 by 24-inches published at Mo- bile, Alabama, and edited by Prof. John Silsby, once our colleague in the missionary work in this city. The Nationalist is one of several newspapers that have sprung up in the South since the collapse of the great rebellion, and supported chiefly by the Freedmen. We are pleased with the ring of this paper, showing as we think it does the genuine metal of the great Republican party, which will not rest in its onward march of liberty, until every root as well as branch and stalk of African slavery shall have been eradicated from the hearts of the people as well as from all statute books in the U. States.

Prof. Silsby returned home in 1854 in consequence of his health being impaired by the climate. From that time to the beginning of the late civil war, he was connected with a new educational institute in Wisconsin. He and his eldest son enlisted early in the war. The son having been wound- ed after two years of service died in a hospital The father continuing through the war in the capacity of lieutenant in the Tennessee Division, has come out a bold editor in behalf of the mil- lions of Freedmen, and will we trust do great good for that chosen people of God.

Cheang-Mai State Boats.

As one great object of our paper is to give reliable information concerning Siam and its tributary states we pro- pose in this article to describe the boats of the king of Cheang-mai, in which he and his retinue came to the capital on the 9th inst. We regard a king who is as yet but little known as a great curiosity, and the royal barge in which he rides, and the state boats which accompany him triennially to pay tribute to his Suzarain become consequently curious things. Who would not highly prize a photographi pictures of them! Now as we cannot furnish our readers with such a picture, we will do the next best thing-—give a particular description of them with words.

The whole fleet of 25 boats are es- sentially of one fashion but of different sizes. The one in which the king him- self rode is, we should judge, 70 feet long, and that more than half of the train are but little shorter.

A striking characteristic of them all, is the flaunting stern, curving abrupt- ly up some 8 or 10 feet, and ending in the form of a swallow’s tail 20 inches wide by 2 or 3 thick. Just in front of this, and nearly as high, is a round roof cov- ering the main cabin, as we may call it, about 12 feet long and 8 wide. The arch of this roof describes nearly the half of a circle, and is made of bamboo wattling with palm leaves nicely laid beneath it to shed the rain. The boat is only from 2 to 5 feet wide thus near the stern, and the floor of the cabin consequently extends over its sides at the hinder part 3 feet. The cabin of the royal barge is of course a good deal more tasty than that of the other boats. Its walls are of teak-wood paneled, form- ing a breast work 3 feet high all around. The space between the top of this to the beams is occupied by shut- ters made of bamboo mats neatly paint- ed, and swinging on hinges above. Hence the cabin is a very airy room when all the bamboo shutters are open- ed. But there is one very serious in- convenience in this cabin, which is the long and heavy shaft of the rudder ex- tending nearly through it, and the helmsman standing in its midst hold- ing it. But this inconvenience is ex- perienced only when the boat is going; when in port the rudder is taken out and laid up on shore.

The rudder-shaft of the king’s barge is 18 feet long and five inches in diam- eter, and has a paddle-shape blade 6 feet in length by 2 in width. In the back wall of the cabin, quite to the left side of the boat is an orifice surroun- ded with fancy work for the shaft to pass into the cabin, and on that it works as its fulcrum. In answer to the question what can be the necessity of such a huge rudder for so small a craft? The native’s reply was, that the boats could not be steered without them, especially in passing over the falls far up at the north.

The midships of the boat is occupied by a round house 30 feet long, without any opening excepting small doors at each end. Its top is 2 feet lower than the roof of the cabin. Its sides are made of teak nicely matched and calk- ed, and the space between the two is of bamboo wattling like the cover- ing of the cabin. The width of this room thus enclosed is about 8 feet. It is by far the best protected room in the boat and is, as we suppose, used for sleeping purposes by the king. The 20 or more feet of the boat in front of this is open, and there the four or five rowers sit flat down on its floor with their faces sternward, and pull their heavy oars. The bow of the boat ex- tends out in a flat open plane 5 feet long and 2½ feet wide, coming to a point like a dart. This is in fact only the end of the log of which the bottom of the boat is made. All these Laos boats, like the state boats of the Siam- ese are but immense logs scooped out to the thickness of two inches or more, and then the sides sprang out by means of fire as far as they can be, which is sometimes 3 times more than their natural width. The sides are then built up from 1 to 3 feet with teak plank.

The king's boat is principally dis- tinguished from all the others by rich gilding on its stern, describing leaves and flowers on a black ground work.

All the boats have a plank foot path on both sides, which is more especially needed when the boatmen are required to propell the boats by poles against a strong current in shoal water. They then walk the planks from stern to stern pushing with all their might.

We have observed that the Siamese and Chinese, who live far up the Menam, have boats much like these of the Laos. There has recently been a great fleet of them in port all freighted with cot- ton.

LOCAL.

We called two hours since at the floating house occupied by the Queen of Cheang Mai to inquire after her health, and were happy to learn that she is reported to be convalescent. Still she is very feeble and greatly emacia- ted. It appears that her present ill- ness is a relapse of the dysentery with which she was seized some weeks be- fore her arrival, which accounts for the great wasting of her flesh.

The daughter and grand-child of the Queen reported in our last as be- ing dangerously ill of dysentery we learn have both recovered, and that all the other invalids belonging to the king of Cheang Mai's retinue are im- proving.

This is the second day of a hair cutting festival at the palace of His Excellency Chow Phya Kaiahome for two of the sons of the late Phya Wo- rap'ong His Excellency's cousin, and for a daughter of His Excellency the late Phya Montree Sooriwongs, the own brother of the Premier. The cer- emonies have been honored by the presence, of several of the sons and daughters of His Majesty the king.

His Excellency Kaiahome takes the place as sire in this affair, and he con- sequently will himself cut off the top knots of the three children early to- morrow morning with shears, and com- mit the shaving of their heads to a bar- ber of his own appointment. While these acts are in progress, the conch- shell blowers, trumpeters, pipers, and drummers will do all they can to make a continuous and deafening noise until the shaving and bathing are over. Then will follow the feasting—then the eer- emonies for inspiring spirit and cour- age in the subjects-—then the pronoun- cing of the blessing upon them by Bra- min priests—-and finally the offering of gifts of silver, gold and jewels to them.

We learn that there is a scarcity of rice at Singapore in consequence of the usual resources from Arraca[?] and Ran- goon having been turned to the fam- ine districts in Orissa. Our informant says that the Siamese Str. Chow Phya has loaded chiefly with rice for Sin- gapore at the high rate of 62 cts. per picul.

By the steamer Chow Phya which arrived here on the 17th inst. we have dates from London up to 30th June, from America to 20th June, from Shang- hai to 14th July, from Hongkong to 28th July, from Penang to 2nd Au- gust, and from Singapore to 13th Au- gust. By telegram from London to 29th July.

Passengers per Chow Phya, M. Re- mi de Montagne.

Correction.

We have not until this late day learned that we made a mistake in saying in our issue for July 12th, that Monsieur Aubaret, Consul for the French, had the honor of presen- ting a sword to His Majesty the king as a present from the Emperor of the French, and that he probably at the same time presented Prince Somdetch Chowfa Chulalongkorn a dagger, be- ing a gift from the Prince Imperial. It now appears that neither of these tokens of honor were sent by him. It seems that our mistake arose from its having been incredibly reported that both the sword and the dagger were mentioned in the Emperor's auto graph letter to His Majesty the King of Siam as having been sent by the hand of M. Aubaret, and eye witness- es of the public audience testified that they saw the sword presented. This is an apt illustration of the difficulty we have of get ting correct information on affairs that occur in the royal palace.

Bangkok, Siam as it is.

We will take our boat for a morning side before breakfast. We start on the broad Menam but only go up the river a little, and turn into a great canal on the right hand towards the east, and this soon leads us to the canal which surrounds the city without the walls. We pass on to the rear of the city, leave our boats and climb a great pagoda yet uncompleted, but affording from the top at present a most beautiful panoramic view of the city and its surroundings.

We see the city entire—-the city proper is now on the eastern side-of the river. We see the wall around it, a broad road all around within and the canal without. Then there are streets meeting this circular one at right an- gles. The one through the city runs along beside the wall which encloses the palaces of the first and second kings, (the latter of whom is now no more,)with their extensive surroundings for accommodating their extensive ha- rems, and their equally extensive crowd of servants; and then again the homes of the daughters, and sisters, and aunts, and near relatives of the reigning king, and of those who have passed away that once were royal; for all these are doomed to celibacy, and must be provided for from the royal treasury, and have homes and protection within the palace walls. It is a complicated household indeed, that of a king’s in a heathen country which cherishes polygamy for the kings, and eternal celibacy for their daughters, if they cannot find no royal husband. Then there are the elephant’s houses, and the royal gardens, and the royal monasteries many and varied and beau- tiful towering up before us.

We see little of the great river, but the gardens of fruit trees upon its bank look like a great forest winding along amid the vast rice fields, stretching away on every hand to the edge of the horizon. The river fronting the city proper has no gardens. So we see on the opposite side distinctly-—the forti- fications made by Falcon and the palace once occupied by the Siamese kings, but now by one of the king’s brothers. Below the palace and inland a little is a long line of imposing buildings oc- cupied by the Prime Minister, the Min- ister of foreign affairs, and their exten- sive families, and the families of their father and uncle, two of the most pow- erful men in the kingdom when the present monarch ascended the throne.

Their families now steady the reins of government. They are among the most wise, politic, and far-seeing in the kingdom. God grant that they may henceforward show themselves unsel- fish, patriotic, and true to the best in- terests of their country. Should they suggest liberal policy, the giving to the people a free choice of worship and at the same time encouraging good- ness, learning, and the arts, aiming at a good government, the day might im- mediately dawn in Siam and the go- vernment awake to a new sense of its powers and its destiny.

The mass of the foreign population live without the city walls one mile and a half below on the river, and the new street parallel with it. The mile and a half between is occupied by the mar- ket, the merchant Chinamen, and the conveniences for trade, and the dwel- lings of business people. We see also the king's great lotus garden, the vege- table gardens, the multiplied rice mills dotted on the great panorama. No hills relieve the landscape. It is the great valley watered by the Menam. The hills are beyond the ken of vision except as they may mistily loom up in the far off horizon. It is a luxurious prospect, but little varied or striking. It may be called beautiful but never bold, or grand, or magnificently pic- turesque. Yet this scene affords food for thought. A book might be written with the recollections of what I have seen and felt and witnessed in this place, and among the people now before me. It is a very suggestive scene.

Visit to the ruins of Cambodia.

The sculptures are high relief, and the figures carved out of the walls are about half the size of life more or less. They shine as if polished on account of the frequent cleaning previous to their being overlaid with colors and gold leaf, an operation formerly re- peated at every festive day in the year.

The three passages of the corridor the subjects represented are taken from the Ramayana well known in transla- tions throughout Burma and Siam, although differing in many particu- lars from the Sanscrit original, one sees Rama or Garuda and Laakeman [..] Hanuman leading on their warriors against Rawana, (with ten heads, therefore called Thookakan,) the bridge through the sea so built by the mon- keys, and Rama supplicates the assis- [..] of Maha Ruai the chief of her- mits, who sits with his head in the posture of Seva; Dasaratha Rama's mother challenges his enemy, Rawana to the sun. All these subjects are sculptured in stone. One may see painted in gaudy colours and more fantastic shapes in the Royal Watts at Bangkok, but in Nakhon Watt are [..] met with the fabulous productions of Raxasi or right handed Deities &c. these are wanting in the battle scene of the adjoining verandah which is taken from ordinary human life.

In the battle called that of Phra Phroot, the kings advance against each other on chariots and many an animated contest is depicted. One [..] appears to belong to the Maha- bharata, representing Bhima as placed on a litter of arrows by the Pandus. The other seems to be the duel between Phya Katong and Lakemana.

In the following compartment, the whole length 240 feet, is occupied by the struggle between Thevadan and Demons, for the Naga snake, the form- er who are aided by Hanuman drag- ging on the tail, the latter the head. In the middle stands Vishnu upon "Nihuma Raya" the world supporting [..]. The same subject a favorite one with the authors, I have seen re- peated in several others places, chiefly in ornamental sculptures for Porticoes. On the Watt Phra Inkosi near Siem- Khemvit comes to the scene riding upon the snake only being carried by us to a division of labour as in the "Naga Maya" of Java, where the image of the mountain and that of the snake god are related as distinct data. At Watt Ek near Battabong the snake god winds his folds round Mont Meru, or Mandara, and in a chronological history of Cambodia which I translated at Bangkok the same fact is alluded too. The most interesting sculpture at Nakhon Watt is in two compartments called by the natives, the procession and the three stages, heaven, earth and hell.

The first the Pathu-massury-wong on returning from the city sur- rounded by his court and his wives in litters. He is carried on in a procession of his warriors on foot and horseback, each chief heading followers on Elephants. I counted [..] 1000 figures, or at least heads [...] single department. What gives [...] interest to this section is the fact that the artist has represented the different nationalities in all their dis- tinctive characteristics in mode and [...], from the flat nosed savage in [...] garb of the Prom, and the [..] haired Los to the straight nosed [...] with sword and shield, and [....] Moor with a catalogue of qualities like another column of [..] In the predominate physical formation of each race, on the whole there is such a prevalence of specific cast in the features and pro- portions, as well as the elegant attitudes of horsemen, that one might sup- pose Xenocrates of old, after finishing his labors in Bombay, had made an excursion to the East. The Chinese "Min-thanang" compared the features of the Ceylonese to the features of a bird, and the Cambodians are not less surprised at the prominent peculiarities displayed in these sculp- tures, which are so decidedly different from the type in which they themselves for the most part rejoice.

The department called the three stages the natives believe they see the representation of Heaven, Earth and Hell, but I have reason to doubt this interpretation. The lower stage it is represented on one half, the world of men, and on the other different animals, but the two upper stages appear to represent the history of the manner in which savage tribes were civilised by colonising foreigners, and must have reference to the foundation of these ancient monuments.

The far advanced out posts on the wild mountain forests which are visi- ble from the windows when walking through the majestic colonnades, those who refused the new religion offered to them, were precipitated into the hell below; whereas the reborn converts entered the palaces which appear on the upper stages immediate- ly above it. The middle one, not be- ing continued, particulars of these in- structive pictures I shall have to defer till the publication of the drawings illustrative of them, which were exe- cuted by a native painter whom I had taken with me.

One subject which frequently occurs in these sculptures shows the head- dress of the rude barbarians, being changed by the king, who adds flowers and ornaments. Tassals in richly ad- orned head-dresses called Thepha Kan- ya or Chao Savan dwellers in Heaven are sculptured neatly in life size. On every part of the building forming the retinue of the deified kings they cor- respond to the Wedadari of Javanese Mythology, but they are designated by the Cambodians of to-day in grateful remembrance of benefits received as the benevolent or kind hearted Ladies. The varieties of the head-dress are manifold, but that which occurs most frequently towers up in three high points. The name Ketsmales the father of king Pathu-massury-wong, one of the race of the sun-born lotus, means, when translated the head ad- orned with garlands,are mostly Champa flowers. There are a great many in- scriptions scattered all over the build- ings at Nakhon Watt, some of them are modern, written with Cambodian letters and in the language now spoken by the people. Their purport is to describe the offerings made, and give the name of the worshipper. The other inscriptions are written in a character, which likewise for the most part resembles the Bali, and therefore the Cambodian letters, but in a more antiquated form approaching that of the Kawi inscriptions, and sometimes deviating considerable. The language differs from the vernacular Cambodian as well as from the Bali, and is not understood now. When the ruins were discovered in 1570 the inscrip- tions were already, as De Maneando remarks, unintelligible to the Cambo- dians.

With the help of some priests in Udung, I have however succeeded in deciphering some names, and I am still busy with them.

The modern inscriptions every lit- terate Cambodian can read.

In one of the galleries a square ta- blet of black marble has been set into the wall, bearing an inscription which my guide told me contained the his- tory of the building. I had it copied and as it was written in the common Cambodian, interspersed with some obsolete expressions, I had it read to me and translated, but found it only to contain a long discription of offer- ings made by different donors, inter- spersed with some interesting allusions to mythological objects. The date was 1628 probably of the Maha sakkarrat.

The central of the five towers of the inner circle in the temple of Na- khon Watt forms an octagon, with four larger and four smaller sides. On each of the four larger sides, opening out in gates which face the four hori- zontal points, stands a large figure of Buddha overlooking from its high position the surrounding country. This open exposure of the statues is the very counterpart to their concealment in the vaulted cells of Pagan, where the statue in the Ananda temple is to be illuminated by artificial light and in the rock cut Basilicas of the Dek- kan.

This combination of four Buddhas occurs frequently in Cambodia, and is there called Phra Muk Buen, (Phra si na) in Siamese,-—or the Lord with four faces—although not only the faces but the whole bodies are four-fold, and Chatua Baya four shouldered would be more appropriate. If sculp- tured on the Watt three faces only can become visible, but if standing free a fourth face is added to the Trimurti. A four faced deity is worked out in gigantic proportion on the large gate on Nakhon Luang, and is there called Phrahun or Brahma, signifying the protection given by the all seeing god, which was afterwards transferred by the Buddhists to the four Pala. As this direction to the four points of the horison naturally forms a crossing, the Siamese call a crossing (Phrahun) and the Praat Prassada. The distinguishing feature of these exotic stone monuments of Cambodia forms always a cross with the corridors dissecting each other at right angles. The cross is the de- stinctive character for the Doctors of reason in the present Buddhism of Kasyapa.

The corridors are two-fold with blocks of stone projecting over each other so as to form an arch. Narrower arches are formed by the hollow of the covering stone resting on two stones in the form of a wedge. The blocks of stone are fitted together without cement but leave scarcely a trace of there joinings, and the same is to be observed of some contempo- raneous brick buildings which are found at other places intermixed with other stone ruins.

The edifice of Nakhon Watt was, as their name City of monasteries, signifies, built for the reception of the learned patriarch Buddhagosa, who brought the holy books of the Trai Pedok from Langka, Ceylon. The residence of the kings at that time was the far famed Inthapataburi, which is now in its ruins called Nakon Luang —-Royal city, by the Siamese, or Na- khon Tom—large city, according to the Cambodians, both languages hav- ing adopted the Bali word Nakhara. Its foundation is referred to a prince of Roumah or Ruma, but the story is too long to insert here.

Connected with the temple of Na- khon Watt is the establishment of a number of villages inhabited by a people called Samre, on the neighbor- ing Khao (mountain) Lechi. When- ever some work is to be done on the temple, the abbot sends a message to the mountains (1½ day distant) and the required number of laborers has to be sent by the head man.

The nomination of the abbots, who were placed there after the re-discovery of the temple in the year 1570, is now in the hands of the Governor of Siem- rab. The custom to endow a temple with slaves was prevalent on the whole continent. There were pagoda slaves connected with Schewery-dragon in Rangoon, and there are still slaves be- longing to several pagodas in Birma proper. In the latter country they were however supplied by prisoners of war, Arracanese, Kassay, Peguans &c. &c. whereas the Samre belongs to the aboriginal stock of the population inhabiting most of the hills around the lake and thence to Kampot.

Leaving the platform of the temple, which is fortified by broad moats and a stone wall, a two hours ride through the forest brings us to the ruins of Inthapataburi, the ancient capital of Cambodia, now known under the name of Nakhon Luang, or Nakhon Tom. The ruins are there extensive, and from them were taken the stones which furnished the material to build the fort of Siemrab.

The outer most of the three walls encloses a wide arch, which according to the natives, it would take a whole day from sunrise to sunset to circum- ambulate. The second wall was the fortification of the city proper, and then followed the celestial wall, the adamantine one Kampeng Keoh, which contained the palace and the royal buildings now to be traced in these ruins. This system of three fortifica- tions, one within another, is a standing one in Ultra India, but has recently been repeated by the Burmese in building their new capital.

One enters the Watt of Nakhon Tom, which is built with square blocks of iron conglomerated through a mas- sive structure forming the gate, the upper part of which is worked at the four sides into a face of Phrahm. The Chinese traveler of 1295 mentions a five faced Buddha of stone placed above the gates of the Cambodian capital. The space inside the Watt is mostly overgrown with jungle, but here and there are some spots cleared for the planting of rice, or a bamboo hut is perched on heaps of rubbish under which the stone and brick buildings of the old capital are buried. Large images of Buddha of modern make are put on some old foundations; but in that dedicated to the protecting Deity of the Town we find an ancient figure of the Elephant headed Ganese.

In Siam every town has a larger or smaller chapel for the honor and the preservation of the Lak Muang—-the Town pillar, an injury to which would bring destruction on the citizens. The tree is still pointed out at Nakhon Tom under which the leader of the emigration buried the golden umbrella —the emblem of Royalty, and by this artifice got possession of the country which had before been occupied by the Dayms.

The palace was situated on an em- inence, and a stair case which leads up to what remains of the second story. The corridors are in the same style as those in Nakhon Watt, but lower and of a more rude workmanship, wanting the high finish and elegance which distinguishes every part of the former. The figures also of men and animals which are sculptured on some of the walls, show a more primitive style of execution, bolder but less graceful and probably older than those in Nakhon Watt. One of the finest specimens still possessed of these bye gone times is the statue of the last King Phya Khi Ruen or Phra bat Songkaya, who reigned in Nakhon Luang, and was afflicted with leprosy for having desert- ed the snake worship of his ancestors. A great number of stone inscriptions in the ancient character called Akson Mihing, are found at Nakhon Luang on the pillars and on the walls.

Prices Current

EXCHANGE-On Singapore 7 [?] cent premium 10 d. s.

FREIGHTS.—There is no unchartered vessels in port. First arrivals are likely to have from 35 to 40 cents per picul for Singapore, and from 45 to 50 cents per picul for Hongkong. Small vessels of light draught will be required in a month or two to take fish and salt to Java.

We report the following charters viz:— "Gosine Brons" 10,000 pls. at 45 cents inside, and 40 cents per pl. outside.

"Florence Nightingale" 11,000 pls. at 45 cents all round.

"Chili" 10,500 pls. at 45 cents all round.

"Admiral de Winter" 19,500 at 50 cents all round.

The following vessels have sailed this month viz:—

Siam ship "Paragon" for Amoy with 400 pls. pepper, 5000 rice, 11000 sapan- wood, 1000 sugar, 200 teelseed, 600 mus- sels, 100 peas, 2000 saltfish, 500 paddy, 200 cotton.

Siam ship "Resolution" for Hong Kong, with 250 pls. pepper, 5700 rice, 2800 sa- panwood, 2000 paddy, 520 mussels, 610 rosewood, 1000 teakplanks.

Siam lugger "Kim Hong Tye" for Hong Kong, with 300 pls. pepper, 2500 rice, 275 paddy, 1000 rosewood, 100 wood- en knees.

Siam bark "Heng Hoi" for Shanghai with 1154 pls. pepper, 285 rice, 856 sa- panwood, 229 sugar, 2020 rosewood, 800 mussels, 25 tortoise shells.

Siam brig "Prospero" for Cochin Chi- na, with 1050 pls. rice, 851 cotton.

Siam bark "Cathee" for Hong Kong with 599 pls. pepper, 3633 rice, 885 sa- panwood, 616 sugar, 48 hemp, 376 mus- sels, 179 cotton.

Siam bark "Indian Warrior" for Hong Kong, with 1500 pls. pepper, 2500 rice, 3000 sapanwood, 2600 paddy, 150 mus- sels.

Siam bark "Enterprise" for Hong Kong with 11605 pls. rice, 225 sapanwood, 158 green peas.

British schooner "Erin" for Hong Kong, with 2760 pls. rice, 90 teelseed, 69 hemp, 120 cotton.

Siam bark "Bentik" for Hong Kong, with 50 pls. hides, 35 horns, 7436 rice, 270 sapanwood, 20 tin, 125 mussels, 387 cotton, 970 mangrove bark.

Bremen bark, "Brems" for Hong Kong with 634 pls. pepper, 4485 rice, 500 su- gar, 250 paddy, 80 green peas, 16 hemp 500 cotton.

Siam lugger "Kim Soon Wat" for Hong, Kong, with 31 pls. pepper, 4505 rice, 32 teelseed, 250 paddy, 104½ pls. cotton.

Siam bark "Goliah" for Hong Kong, with 984 pls. pepper, 6337 rice, 1388 sapanwood, 1239 paddy, 684 rosewood.

The following have sailed for Singa- pore,

Siam steamer "Chow Phya" with 115 pls. horns, 3815 rice, 432 sticklac, 1919 sugar, 38 teelseed, 10 silk, 10 hemp, 209 salt fish, 183 pepper, 18 hides, 7 ivory.

British schooner "Clio" with 350 pls. pepper, 2163 rice, 25 sapanwood.

Siam brig "Mercury" with 1780 pls. rice, 400 sugar, 36 teelseed, 19½ coyans salts

Siam bark "August" with 9600 pls. rice, 262 sapanwood.

British schooner "Water Lily" with 2578 pls. rice.

Siam bark "Hera" with 1800 pls. pep- per, 8000 rice, 225 sapanwood, 108 tin.

Trichinae.

The Professors in the Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Ill., have recommend- ed the following means of defense against the ravages of the trichinae.

Now that the existence of trichinae in our pork has been established beyond a doubt, it will be proper for us to point out all known means of defence against its ravages. First, with regard to the rearing of hogs. These animals undoub- tedly become infested through the eating of flesh of some kind, since no trichinae, nor germs of trichinae, have ever been found in any vegetable food. A strict attention to the feeding of hogs, and their confinement in pens where no animal food is accessible, is an infallible preven- tive against trichinosis in them. Such management is all the more necessary, since European authorities agree that it is impossible to diagnose the disease in the animal from external appearances, and no culpability can therefore attach to the farmer for selling hogs which prove to be affected with trichinae.

In regard to pork the origin of which is doubtful, the use of the microscope is primarily indicated. With this instrum- ent only can we ascertain with certainty whether the muscles of the hogs are free from the parasite. The general use of the instrument is, however, impracticable, unless a system of microscopic inspection be adopted here, as in Europe, at the great packing establishments. But we have in our power much more simple means of insuring safety in the consump- tion of pork. It is simply necessary to cook it thoroughly, so that every portion of the meat shall have experienced a temperature of at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit. We cannot insist too strong- ly upon this point. Again, by properly salting and smoking the meat for a period of at least ten days, the trichinae, should they exist, will be certainly killed. Simple desiccation of the meat, if con- tinued for a period of sufficient length, will also kill them. They will never be found alive in old hams, for instance. On the other hand, mere pickling appears to have very little effect upon these worms.

Trichinae have doubtless always existed in the muscles of the hog, although pro- bably not to the same extent as at present. And trichinosis in man may have existed to a considerable extent in this country before its nature and cause became known. Some of the members of your committee can recall cases of obscure disease which have come to their know- ledge in past years, which may have been owing to the presence of trichinae.-—New YORK OBSERVER.

A friend called on Michael Angelo, who was finishing a statue. Some time afterwards he called again: the sculptor was still at work. His friend, looking at the figure, exclaimed, "Have you been idle since I saw you last?" "By no means," replied the sculptor; "I have retouched and polished that; I have sof- tened this feature and brought out this muselo; I have given more expression to this limb." "Well, well," said his friend, "all these are trifles." "It may be so, replied Angelo, "but recollect that TRIFLES MAKE PERFECTION, and that PERFECTION is NO TRIFLE."

A WONDERFUL TREE.—In the birch wood of Culloden, Scotland, there is a re- markable tree, well worthy of note. About thirty years ago, a young giant of the forest was blown down, and fell across a deep gully or ravine, which it completely span- ned, and the top branches took root on the other side. From the parent stem no less than fifteen trees grew up perpendicularly, all in a row; and there they still flourish, in all their splendor, while the parent stem evinced no token of decay. Several of the trees are not less than thirty feet high. The tree is a birch ft.

Ancient Egyptian Fashions.

The Egyptians shaved their heads and chins, and looked with abhorrence on the rough-haired and long-bearded Asiatic nations. They only allowed their hair and beard to grow when in mourning, and looked upon it, in any other circumstan- ce, as a sign of low and slovenly habits. Most of them wore over their shaven polls wigs made of curled hair, with a series of plaits at the back. Poor people, who could not afford the expense of real hair, had theirs made of black sheep's wool. By a singular contradiction, the great people wore artificial beards, which they likewise affixed to the images of their gods. The beard of an individual of rank was short and square, but much longer; and that of a god was pointed, and turn- ed up at the end. Ladies wore their hair long, and worked into a multitude of small plaits, part of which hung down their back, and the remainder descended on each side of the face, covering the ears completely. They generally had an ornamented fillet round the head, with a bud in front by way of a FERBONIRE. Some of the CREME DE LA CREME indulg- ed in a head-dress representing a peacock, whose gorgeous plumage set off their dark tresses; and princesses were usually dis- tinguished by a COIFFURE of extraordinary dimensions, combining all the riches of the animal, vegetable, and mineral king- doms.—RIMMEL's Book of PERFUMES.

PRESERVATION OF FRUIT.—At the Rus- sian Court fruit is preserved by being packed in creosotized lime. The lime is slacked in water in which a little creo- sote has been dissolved, and is allowed to fall to powder. The bottom of a plain deal box is covered with it one inch thick, and over it is a sheet of paper. Upon this the fruit, well selected and cleansed, is arranged; over this another sheet of paper, and on the top of this another stratum of prepared lime; in the corners a little finely powdered charcoal is put. The whole box is then filled in the same manner, and the well-fitting lid nailed down. Fruit kept in this manner will re- main intact at least one year.—PRESBY- TERIAN

"Fine Writing."

As the loveliest women are not gaudy women, so the most excellent writing is not "fine writing." A thought that is overdressed must be of the highest worth not to be criticised as meretricious. Splen- dor of diction must have the big brain of a Burke or a Milton back of it to render it admissible. The great masters of style, however, as Homer, Demosthenes, Dante, Shakspeare, are splendid by virtue of their magnificent naked thoughts. Their words are thunder because their thoughts are lightning.

But there is a vast brood of writers now-a-days that "spread themselves" on language. They are nothing if not mag- niloquent. Rainbows, birds-of-paradise, and peacocks' tails are their staple colors, which they lavish over all creation. They gather up the four winds of heaven and blow everything sky-high. They pile the agony upon all they behold. They des- cribe a dog-fight in language stately enough to depict the Battle of the Py- ramids.

Headly is of this high-pressure style and Abbott, and George Lippard. Sou- thern writers are nearly all keyed up to this intensely strained and pop-eyed pitch. Indeed, these latter are always eating fire and splitting ribbons of chain lightning and blue blazes. Every one of them stands, as it were, constantly with "one foot on the Andes and the other on the Ganges," and howls his awful eloquence to the nation.

Youth is very much addicted to this "fine writing." It is natural. Spring for flowers. But it is not the fruit-blooms that flower all summer. The style which would yield intellectual food must cast the painted metal and betake itself to the green leaf.

You must quit "fine writing" early if your ambition is to produce anything ac- ceptable to refined taste. Strip your thoughts as naked as ever they were born, if you wish them to fight well in the world. Go as direct to your theme as a streak of lightning. Ride right down upon it like a charging cavalryman. Fill your words up with thought, so that they shall weigh seventeen or eighteen pounds a piece. Weigh each word and see that it comes up to that standard before you say it. Nobody wants your words. Your thoughts —-your own-—everybody is interested in. What do you think? Say—-and quit your froth and fustain. We desire no more "fine writing." John S. C. Abbott, for instance, has furnished enough to last to the end of the world.—-XENIA TORCH- LIGHT.

The Nile.

Mr. R. DUNN, correspondent of the Lon- don MORNING STAR, in a letter from Suez, under date of February 21, thus speaks of that most wonderful river in the world -—the Nile:—“The great NATURAL pe- culiarity of Egypt, and that which not only distinguishes it from all other coun- tries, but is the cause of all its other pe- culiarities, is the wonderful Nile. The immense quantity of water necessary to cause the continued rise of a river with a good strong channel, ordinarily from a half to one and a half miles wide, is widened to from five to fifty miles in width, is astonishing, and almost sufficient still to stimulate the belief that some divine agency, rather than the rains of Abyssinia, must be the cause. And this appears still more strange, when it is re- membered that not a single spring or branch of any kind enters it within a thousand miles of its mouth. It is strange indeed, that in so hot a climate and so vast an extent, the volume of water is not diminished by absorption and evpora- tion; and perhaps the fact that the wat- ers seem to extend through the entire valley upon the same level with the Nile, can alone explain this continued fulness. The sands from the deserts, which bound this valley upon either side, seem to be constantly crowding in upon the fertile soil, while the deposits of the river, which have raised its bed and banks about fif- teen feet within three thousand six hund- red years, are crowding in upon the de- serts, and thus, as elsewhere in nature. antagonism maintains the equilibrium."

DR. LIVINGSTONE AT ZANZIBAR.—-The Rev. Edwin Sidney has recently received a letter from Dr. Livingstone. It ap- pears that he has taken with him a num- ber of tame Indian buffaloes, to introduce into Africa; and as, like the African ones, they do not suffer much from that terrible pest the Tzetze, it is hoped they may be acclimatized. Hitherto there have been no beasts of burden as such in Central Africa. The intrepid explorer and mis- sionary has also taken with him nine re- captured Africans, educated in the Go- vernment School at Bombay, who are Christians, and willing to work, and the Doctor has great hopes that they will prove valuable pioneers and coadjutors. —-BURY POST.

MOVEMENT AGAINST POLYGAMY IN IN- DIA.-—The leading natives of Bengal, the learned pundits, the wealthy zemindars, the old aristocracy, and, above all, the orthodox Brahmins, have all united, to the number of 21,000, in praying Govern- ment to put down polygamy. An Act for this purpose was about to be passed in 1856, just after that allowing widows to remarry, when the mutiny broke out. Mr. Beadon has pledged himself to intro- duce a Bill into the Council next Novem- ber, in order, to use his own cautious words, “to impose upon a custom, alto- gether demoralizing, the utmost degree of restriction consistent with the reason- able opinions and wishes of the intelligent Hindoo public.”—-CORE LONDON TIMES.

RIGHT.—Governor Orr, of South Caro- lina, has expressed his opinion regarding the teaching of freed people. He believes it is good for them and good for the State. He says the teachers shall be protected in their duties, and that the prejudice against them and their occupa- tion is disappearing.

TOUGH.—-The SARATOGIAN states that Mr. Samuel Downing, of Edinburgh, New York, who has the past year been prominently before the public as having reached the age of 105 years, fell and fractured his arm. Still hale and hearty, he was engaged at the time in carrying wood from a neighbouring field into his house. His arm has been set, and he bids fair to recover.

OUR ABILITY TO PAY.—-The British people have never raised more than $370, 000,000 of revenue in one year, exclusive of loans. The people of the United States are raising revenue this year at the rate of $540,000,000 per year.

A CASHMERE GOAT.-—A cashmere goat has been shipped to Dr. A. C. Farrow, of Greencastle, Indiana. Its horns mea- sure three feet two inches in length, and it is valued at $1000.

—-During a recent trial at Auburn, the following occurred to vary the monotony of the proceedings:

“Among the witnesses was one ever- dant a specimen of humanity as one would wish to meet with. After a severe cross examination, the counsel of the govern- ment paused, and then putting on a look of severity, and an ominous shake of the head, exclaimed: “Mr. Witness, has not an effort been made to induce you to tell a different story ?” “A different story from what I have told, sir?” “That is what I mean.” “Yes sir ; several persons have tried to get me to tell a different story from what I have told, but they couldn’t.” “Now, sir, upon your oath, I wish to know who those persons are.” “Well, I guess you’ve tried [?]bout as hard as any of them.

CREAM FOR CONSUMPTIVE PATIENTS, —-The Medical Reporter says that a consumptive patient, now under treatment, is taking cream with better effect than was experienced under the cod-liver oil, previously tried. Our advice is for all who have, consumption to a cream diet. Eat the pure, sweet cream abundantly, as much of it as the stomach will digest well, and we doubt not that it will prove quite as effectual as the purest cod-liver oil that can be bought.

—-A fool in high station is like a man in a balloon—-everybody appears little to him, and he appears little to everybody.

—-Surely, the most painful recollec- tion on earth is that of having had it in our power to do good, and the neglect to do it.

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AND BANGKOK, MAIL

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Bangkok, 3rd Aug. 1865. (L. F.)

CORRECTION.

In the Tide Table of the Bangkok Calendar for 1866 for May, June, Au- gust, and October, for High read Low, and for Low read HIGH.