The Bangkok Recorder.

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He loved the world.

Whose glorious radiance fills the air,

And softly sleeps on mountain-side,

On placid lake and prairie wide;

By all the chastened light that gleams

On lonely dell and murmuring streams.

We know it by the music-notes,

By every gleeful song that floats

From bird or bee, or laughing rill;

By all the joyous notes that thrill

Our hearts with love, and joy, and peace,

Till sin’s tumultuous throbbings cease.

We know it by the flowers so fair,

That raise their heads in beauty rare,

That speak to us of faith and hope;

From lonely cliff and mountain slope,

Their incense goeth up to God,

Where human foot hath never trod.

But more than these : he gave his Son,

The pure, the matchless Holy One,

Who came to seek and save the lost,

The contrite soul, by tempest tossed.

He loved the world; to it was given

A Saviour, Christ, to lead to Heaven.

Dr. Miller's Duck Story.

The late Dr. Miller, of Princeton, as all his students will remember, abounded in anecdotes, which he related to his classes from year to year, to illustrate the points made in his lectures. One of them occurs to us just now, as specially applicable to the new converts which have recently come into the churches within the bounds of our circulation: A celebrated judge in Virginia was, in his earlier years, skeptical to the truth of the Bible, and especially to the reality of ex- perimental religion. He had a favorite servant who accompanied him in his tra- vels round his circuit. As they passed from court-house to court-house, they frequently conversed on the subject of religion, the servant, Harry, venturing at times to remonstrate with his master against his infidelity. As the judge had confidence in Harry's honesty and sincer- ity, he asked him a great many questions as to how he felt and what he thought on various points. Amongst other things Harry told his master that he was often very sorely tempted and tried by the de- vil. The judge asked Harry to explain how it happened that the devil attacked him (Harry), who was so pious a man, so sorely, whilst he allowed himself, who was an infidel and a sinner, to pass un- noticed and untempted. Harry asked, "Are you right sure, master, that he does let you pass without troubling you? "Certainly I am," replied the judge; "I have no dealings with him at all. I do not even so much as know that there is any such being in existence as the devil. If there is any such being he never trou- bles me." "Well," said Harry, "I know that there is a devil, and that he tries me sorely at times." A day or two after- wards, when the judge had gotten through his docket, he concluded to go on a hunt for wild ducks on one of the streams which lay across his road homeward Harry accompanied him. As they ap- proached the river they espied a flock of ducks quietly floating on its surface. The judge stealthily crept up the bank and fired upon them, killing two or three and wounding as many others. He at once threw down his gun and made stren- uous efforts, with the aid of clubs and stones, to secure the wounded ducks, whilst he permitted the dead ones to float on, for the time, unnoticed by him. Har- ry, as he sat on the seat of the carriage, watched his master's movements with deep interest, and when he returned, said to him: "Massa, whilst you was a splashin' in de water after dem wounded ducks, and lettin' de dead ones float on, it just come into my mind, why it is dat de de- vil troubles me so much, whilst he lets you alone. You are like de dead ducks; he's sure he's got you safe. I'm like de wounded ones, trying to git away from him, and he's afraid I'll do it, so he makes all de fuss after me and jist lets you float on down de stream. He knows he can git you at any time; but he knows its now or never wid me. If you were to begin to flutter a little and show signs like you were agoin' to git away from him, he would make jist as big a splashin' after you."

The illustration struck the learned judge with great force, and led him to reinvestigate the grounds of his skeptic- ism, and, through Harry's instrumentali- ty, he was fully brought to sit with him at the feet of Jesus to learn of him. The illustration is a homely one, but it sets forth a great truth in the experiences of those who set out in the Christian course. They must expect to be assailed by Satan as they never were before. If he fails of success in causing their fall by the use of one form of temptation, he will try another. He is a cunning old fox. He has tried so long, and had so much to do with men, that he is now an adept in devising means to ruin them, and make them as miserable and degraded as himself. Young Christians, therefore, should not think it strange concerning the fiery trials which are to try them, as though some strange thing had happened to them, hitherto unknown methods of assault. As long as the devil feels that sinners are safe, and that he is sure to get them at last, he allows them to float on quietly upon an unruffled current; but the moment they attempt to throw off his yoke, and to assert their indepen- dence of him, they must expect his wrath to wax exceeding hot, and his assaults to fall thick and fast upon their heads. They should not be ignorant of his de- vices. He goes about as a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.—-PRES. HERALD.

The effect of Sadowa on
the Papacy.

The results of this contest in Europe, if it ends, as all Englishmen now expect that it must end, in a complete final victory for Prussia, are so vast that the mind refuses to grasp them except one by one, and even then only at intervals. Just at this mo- ment the British public can attend only to the effect of the campaign upon Austria and France, but it will modify the position of every power in Europe in a nearly equal degree. France loses at once her dictator- ship, and sinks, as the ECONOMIST has pointed out, into one of many co-ordinate powers; Austria becomes the natural pro- tector of the nationalities of the East, in- stead of the natural foe of the nationalities of the West; and Russia finds an impass- ible barrier erected between herself and the civilized half of the European world. With Germany constituted, it becomes useless for England to waste time and character in protecting an insolvent Mussulman horde, while Scandinavia gains an ally a- mong whose immediate and pressing inter- ests will be the freedom of the Baltic. Upon no power, however, will the blow fall so heavily as on the Papacy, which lost at Sadowa infinitely more than it has for-

felted during the last six disastrous years, for it lost the chance of regaining all. Had Austria won the game, and an Austrian army been billeted in Berlin, Rome would hardly have been evacuated within this generation, and Umbria and the Marches might have been replaced under the priest- ly sway its subjects so bitterly detest.

The world, as it appears to the Vatican, will be divided among six great States, and of these France will be Voltairian, Prussia Lutheran, Britain on all Papal questions Calvanistic, Russia Greek and hostile, Italy Catholic but anti-Papal, and Austria Pa- pal, but bound by the evil prejudices of the Hungarians, who are anxious to be shown by the Church the way to heaven, but think they can see their road on earth for themselves. Spain is orthodox, to be sure, but then Spain is also sceptical, gov- erned by men who detest all schism, but who also detest wars for a creed in which they only half believe ; and then could Spain beat Italy? The prospect is dark on every side ; Italy consolidated, Germa- ny united, Austria moved eastward, Bava- ria paralyzed, Spain left helpless, Rome seething with hatred under their feet, the poor priests are thrown back on Heaven and Napoleon as their only protectors, and while Heaven gives victory to infidels, Na- poleon refuses to intervene and save the faithful. The changes are all so sudden, too, and the men who conduct them so violent, there is no time for intrigue, and what can one do with a Protestant aristo- crat like Bismark, who treats Popes as if they were petty princes, and compels them to consecrate Bishops as if a concordat were a secular treaty to be enforced by the bayonet, who does not even believe, like Mr. Disraeli, that the “independence of of the Papacy is essential to the European equilibrium ?” Mr. Disraeli is in power, it is true, but then his Ministry accepts or- ders from Orangemen, and if it did not, would not dare in the face of every Eng- lish rector to interfere for Rome. Verily, Satan is abroad more visibly than in 1848, for then there was aid to be obtained from the Powers ; in greater strength than in 1860, for then all depended on a single life, and a life in the long duration of the Papacy is scarcely an appreciable point of time. The new changes will be permanent, and Napoleon will pass away.

The temporal power must end, even should the Pope remain in Rome, for he could only be safe under Italian bayonets, and an Italian Pontiff exercising power through Italians only over an Italian po- pulation, must be either an arch priest or a lieutenant-general of the secular Sovereign of Italy. Flight is the only alterna- tive, and though this will be pressed upon the Pope by the Jesuits and the fanatics who think his departure will disturb the order of the world, there are more mode- rate men around him, who ask whither he is to fly. The hand of France will, he knows well, be heavier than that of Italy, no Italian priest or prince will willingly live in Germany, the Balearic Isles are too isolated for a Court which is still one of the great centres of human action, and in Malta, the refuge towards which the mind of Pope Pius most readily turns, he must conciliate a heretical power. * * * *

The struggle for temporal power once closed, there will be no need for applying a test which drives away able men, and a genius either on or behind the Holy Chair becomes once more a terrible possibility. If such a man should arise, a man, for in- stance, who saw how easily Rome could link herself with the social aspirations of the masses, who could give to her vast hierarchy, which still extends through eve- ry grade of human life, still dwells in pa- laces and lazarettos, among princes as a- mong convists, the order to defend the peo- ple, there may yet be a career before the Papacy as magnificent as the one which, unless a miracle supervenes, must end with Pius IX. Even without such a genius the change may be tremendous, FOR FROM THE DAY OF THE EXTINCTION OF THE TEMPORAL POWER THE PAPACY MUST IN- EVITABLY ALLY ITSELF WITH DEMOCRACY, and in that simple fact what possibilities are not contained ! She has nothing more to hope or fear from the Kings, everything to hope and fear from those masses who have not yet risen to the level at which men reject all guidance, who alone, of all the forces now rising, can coerce the in- tellectual class which has finally thrown off sacerdotal authority, and who are ten- ding more rapidly day by day all over Eu- rope towards organizations which Rome knows how to administer, which are in fact but poor imitations of many of her own Orders. We find associations of agricul- ture very difficult to manage, but the men who built Woburn did not, and Benedicti- nes are not the people most likely to be blind to the powers and the difficulties in- herent in co-operative life. We need not say we should regard such a transforma- tion of the Papacy with alarm, for the sa- cerdotal caste seems to us, of all others, the worst fitted to lead the multitudes through the desert into the promised land which, as the French Utopians say, they see beyond the Red Sea, but the transfor- mation has become possible, and Sadowa may yet be a date in the spiritual history of mankind.—THE FRIEND OF INDIA.

Mr. Gladstone.

The prospects of the Liberal cause in England—-the issues of those momentous designs of a statesmanship more enligh- tened and magnanimous than Europe has hitherto seen—-are seemingly so bound up with the political future of Mr. Gladstone, that it will repay us to glance at the causes of this relentless personal opposition.

1. There is one phrase which, in the up- per circles of English society, is more damning to the man to whom it may be applied than any other in the whole voca- bulary of depreciation. It is the phrase "political adventurer"—the modern synon- ysm of the Latin "NOVUS HOMO;" the phrase with which the old Roman patri- cians sought to blast the career of Cicero; the phrase which, in our own century, has been hurled by English patricians at the greatest statesmen in it—at Canning, Huskisson, Henry Brougham, Richard Cobden, and William Ewart Gladstone. The unpardonable offense of Mr. Glad- stone is that he neither got himself born nor got himself married into any of the thirty-one great governing families of England. It is true that he is wealthy, that his father was a baronet, that the as- sociations of his life have been aristocra- tic; yet he is neither a Cavendish, nor a Courtney, nor a Stanley, nor a Cecil. By his genius, by his goodness, by his past re- nown, by his stupendous popularity, they perceive that Mr. Gladstone is to be Eng- land's real monarch for the next decade and a half. They are wrathful that ano- ther supreme minister has risen from the middle-class. Either Mr. Gladstone should not have been so great a man, or he should not have allowed himself to be born out of their set.

2. The second reason to explain the op- position to him is one even more ignoble— the envy of old comrades at his success. By the trophies of this Miltiades there are some scores of ambitious fellows in Parlia- ment who cannot sleep. The men who witnessed the glory of Lord Palmerston's later years could exult in it with a satis- faction unalloyed by so base a passion as I now refer to: he was of an elder genera- tion, and was above the range of their jea- lousy. But such illustrious personages as Robert Lowe, Mr. Laing, Mr. Horseman, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Cranbourne, Lord A. Montagu, look upon themselves as the equals of Mr. Gladstone, because they are his contemporaries; and they cannot for- give him because the general opinion of England does not coincide with theirs in that respect. I have wondered whether the moon ever gets into a rage when it happens to find itself eclipsed. If that be the case, there is a striking analogy be- tween the moon and several of Mr. Glad- stone's old associates.

3. There is one other serious objection to Mr. Gladstone, operating not alone up- on those to whom I have already referred, but upon a multitude of others: he is an earnest man. His political views are not jests, but convictions. With him political life seems to be neither an ostentation, nor a disguised selfishness, nor a comedy; but a consecration. The principle English politicians, however, who are just now at the surface, have grown up under the ex- ample of Lord Palmerston, and have been morally debauched by the success of that splendid political sadducee. With a fa- cile smile, a jovial bearing, incredulous as to the higher maxims of public conduct, worldly, materialistic, they look upon statesmanship as a highly respectable and remunerative farce; they regard election pledges as a play with words; they admire the gift of blarney as the chief attribute of a first minister, and they think the most serious plea sufficiently refuted by the most trivial pun. Of course, such men cannot comprehend earnestness: it arouses either their ridicule or their rage. When they see it in ordinary men, they laugh at it; they banter it; they try to smother it between a shower of

But when they behold this spirit in the alliance of personal greatness, kindling an eloquence whose majesty overwhelms them, vitalizing a scholarship whose vastness fills them with awe, crowning and glorifying a nature whose dignity silences the patter of their shallow facetiousness, what is left to them but hate—a hostility hardened into utter vindictiveness, and gnashing its teeth in an ecstasy of loathing?

No discerning person could have sat in the House of Commons this session, could have heard the tone of the opposing speeches, could have seen and heard how "the first assembly of gentlemen in the world" was capable of resolving itself in- to a zoological garden of wild-beasts, of magpies and monkeys, bowling, bellowing, screeching, chattering, in one prolonged chorus of brutal fury against the Chan- cellor of the Exchequer, without perceiv- ing that there was an antagonism between him and them only to be explained by that tremendous gulf of moral unlikeness of which I have spoken.

But the agony is now over. England is to have a Tory government. It may last a few weeks; it may last a few months; but not long will the people endure it. Probably, before the first anniversary of his resignation, the heart of England will call again to the foremost place her best beloved and her ablest statesman.

On the whole, the interregnum is not to be regretted. It will be good for England to be reminded what a Tory ministry is like. It will be good for the Liberal party to have an experience of adversity. It will be pre-eminently good for Mr. Glad- stone to have a year of repose.

This very evening, I went down to the House, to hear the ministerial statement of the Queen's decision. I found Old Pa- lace Yard thronged with people eager to see the arrival of the chieftains of both parties. An English crowd never minces matters, or expresses itself with ambigu- ity. They growled, and groaned, and shook their fists at the men who have defeated the measure for the people's enfranchise- ment; and, as they recognised the cham- pions of the people's cause, they heaped cheers and benedictions upon their heads. But, just as "Big Ben" sounded from his regal tower the hour of six, we heard a roar of voices far away down Parliament street, and presently Mr. Gladstone, with Mrs. Gladstone at his side, drove in an open carriage into the yard. How the hats went off, and how the cheers went up from those thousands of throats! Had he been king, he could not have had a grander re- ception. Climbing upon one of the pilas- ters of Westminster Hall, holding on with one hand, swinging my hat with the other, and mingling my not very despicable Yan- kee shouts with that immense gush of Bri- tish enthusiasm, I had a fine view of the minister who was just to announce that the Queen had accepted his resignation. He has the face and the port of a states- man. But, as he lifted his hat and res- ponded to the salutes of the people, he looked pale, and haggard, and weary. As the carriage swept round under the arch- way leading to the members' private en- trance, Mrs. Gladstone rose, and threw back over the multitudes a look of inex- pressible happiness, and gratitude, and wifely pride. How welcome to the jaded statesman must be this release from the toils of office. And this interlude of much needed rest may save him from the fate of so many of his predecessors, and may pre- serve to England a life which has already given a new luster to English eloquence and to English statesmanship, and a new impulse to the enlightenment and happi- ness of mankind.-—THE INDEPENDENT.

IN A Connecticut parish, a subscription paper was recently started for the sup- port of preaching, and laid first before the minister for his subscription, as a member of the parish. He subscribed twenty dollars; no other one subscribed as much. His pay that year was less than four hundred dollars, including his own subscription.

THE Memphis BULLETIN says, the body of a man was found lately in Memphis in such a condition as to leave no doubt that he had been murdered. The police, finding no clue, decided on trying photo- graphy, and accordingly, on the day of the murder, with the aid of a microscope, images left on the retina of the eye of the dead, were transferred to paper, and curious facts developed. A pistol, the hand, and part of the face of the man who committed the crime, are perfectly delineated.

THE new license law is to go into force in New York City, on the first of May. The law contains some new features, and if it can be executed, will accomplish much good. Under the new law, the Commissioners of the Board of Health are constituted a Board of Excise, who shall have exclusive power of granting licenses for the sales of liquors on Sun- day, or on election days, within a quarter of a mile of the election. No liquor is to be sold to any apprentice, without the consent of his master or mistress, nor to any person under eighteen years of age, without the consent of his father, mother, or guardian. None is to be sold to an habitual drunkard, nor to an intoxicated person; nor against the request of any wife, husband, parent, or child, to the husband of any such wife, wife of such husband, parent of such child, or child of such parent. Liquor shops are to be closed between midnight and sunrise, and on Sunday. No person who trusts an- other for liquors can compel payment at law. INTOXICATION is made a criminal offense, subject to a fine of ten dollars and costs. Adequate fines and penalties are provided for all the specific offences, and the act is drawn throughout with evident care and thoroughness.

GEN. GRANT, in a recent conversation with Rev. George Hepworth of Boston, said of Gen. Sherman: "Sherman is a man to be proud of. He is impetuous, he is faulty, but he knows his own faults as soon as any man." And of Sheridan he said: "He is the best man in Ameri- ca. He has no peer. He can wield any force. He is pure hearted, simple-man- nered, and a truly noble man." And of himself he said: "There were a thousand others who could have done the same thing as well as I. I am thankful to God that He helped me to do the work, but had I not been living, or had the Govern- ment passed over me, there are other men who would have won the victory for you."

PLEASURE OF GOOD ACTIONS.—-After we have practiced good actions for a while, they become easy; and when they are easy we take pleasure in them; and when they please us we do them frequent- ly; and, by frequency of acts, a thing grows into habit, and so far as anything is second nature; and so far as anything is natural, so far it is necessary, and we can hardly do otherwise—nay, we do it many times when we do not think of it.

To claim that we are saved by infinite MERCY, and at the same time to deny that we deserve to perish by infinite JUSTICE, is a contradiction of the superlative degree.

A small bug can make a great hurt.

Save the CHILD and you save the MAN.

Not to care where you go is to go ruin.

Bangkok Recorder.

Tanon Charon Kroong.

Most of our local readers will re- cognise in this name that it is one given by the king to the New road, or street, which he caused to be made, three or four years since, from the royal palace down the eastern side of the river three miles or more in the rear of the main body of the foreign community of the city. We are hap- py to learn that His Majesty has quite recently much improved the street by having sea-beach sand spread thick- ly over it, so that such horrible mud as was ever to be waded through last year after a rain is now never seen, and that even in our wettest days, this month of rain, it is quite comfor- table walking on it. Much praise, we say, to his Majesty for this timely and significant consideration, not only for the comfort of his own subjects, but also for the welfare of the European community on that side of the river.

And now we beg to express a lively hope to His Majesty that this noble deed of making and improving that street, it being the beginning of beau- tifying his capital after European science and advancement, will lead him onward in the same direction un- til he shall have made many other streets for the prosperity of Bangkok, for surely a great work needs to be done in this line. Why, only think of it—-On the western side of the river from Bangkok-yai southward three miles or more, through a dense popula- tion, there is nothing worthy the name of a street. Where people walk from one part of it to another, they are obliged to go Indian file on the most narrow, tortuous, and filthy foot paths, dodging around this man’s house and that man’s pig-stye, on a narrow slab or a coacoanut log, over ditches and sloughs, and crossing canals on rickety foot bridges. In short the bridges are such as it would be quite preposterous to think of driving any thing over them but men and goats.

Now be it known, that one of the most powerful arms of the Siamese government is on the western side of the river, and many of the most weal- thy native merchants live there also. How long, we beg to ask that arm of government, are we to wait ere he will use his powerful influence in improving his side of the city of Bangkok, by a wide street from his own beautiful pa- lace down in the rear of that dense population ? And in our humble opin- ion, that road should not stop where the people cease to be dense, but should proceed onward to Paknam, which would be a much shorter cut to that town than the one contemplated on the east side of the river.

And now while speaking of the im- portance of having many new streets made, we beg again to suggest to the government the importance of having some Police force to protect the in- habitants on and near Charon kroong. It is in a part of the city in which the government has always preferred that all the consuls and the main body of the foreign merchants should live ; and now, with a prominent view to their comfort and welfare, as well as for other noble objects, has made the new street which of course is drawing into the rear of these foreigners a great population, of all classes of Siamese subjects, thus rendering the property and lives of the European and Ameri- can much more exposed than they otherwise would be. Is it not hence ma- nifestly the duty of the government to carry forward the improvement of that street until a thorough Police force shall have been established upon it ? The great Bazar street is well protec- ted by a Police, and much praise is due the government for it. Is the new street less deserving of this favor ? Does not the new treaty relations into which the Siamese government have entered with the western nations re- quire this on the part of the govern- ment ? Now the street is wholly un- protected, and has become notorious for its dens of thieves and robbers. And blackguards are so numerous about it that it is quite dangerous for European ladies to walk on it even in the day time. Witness the reports which we have been compelled to make of the character of the street in our present issue. Why ? They are horrible—-and the case seems to be coming worse and worse.

Sandwich Islands No. 3.

King Kamehameha I, though adher- ing firmly to his idolatry until death, ventured to make some marked inno- vations in some of the customs con- nected with it. He would not allow any human sacrifices to be made for himself in his last sickness which was customary in such cases. Nor would he consent that any such sacrifices should be made for his spirit after death. But in lieu of this his people made a sacrifice of three hundred dogs at his obsequies. The customary wailings were made for him through- out the Islands. The people shaved their heads, burned themselves, knock- ed out their front teeth, and broke over all restraints as usual at the death of the king, practicing all man- ner of crimes, self torture, licentious- ness, robbery, and murder.

Liholiho, the eldest son of Kame- hameha succeeded to the throne at the age of twenty two years. Kaahuma- nu one of his father's principal wives whom her royal husband had allowed to share with him the responsibilities of government, he made his Premier. His own mother's name was Keopuola- ni. These two royal women ultimate- ly became nursing mothers to the Church of Christ on the Islands.

Soon after the accession of Liholiho in 1819 an event occurred in the royal family which as Dr. Anderson well remarks "has scarcely a parallel in history, giving an affirmative answer to the inquiry of the prophet. "Hath a nation changed her gods in a day?"

“The tabu system of restrictions and prohibitions was inseparable from the national idolatry. They extended to sacred days, sacred places, sacred persons, and sacred things; and the least failure to observe them was pun- ished with death. A prohibition, which weighed as heavily as any other, was that in regard to eating, and was the first to be violated. A husband could on no occasion eat with his wife except on penalty of death. Women were prohibited, on the same penalty, from eating many of the choicest kinds of meat, fruit, and fish. These prohibitions extended to female chiefs as well as to women of low rank. Many of the highest chiefs of the na- tion were females. They did not fear being killed by the priests, for they were chiefs ; but the priests, all along, had made them believe that, if they violated any prohibition, they would be destroyed by the gods. This they began to doubt, for they saw foreigners living with impunity without any such observances. Besides, a fact which shows the power of God to bring good out of evil, ardent spirits had been introduced among them ; and they of- ten, when partially intoxicated, tram- pled heedlessly on the prohibitions of their idolatry, and yet were not des- troyed by the gods. The awful dread therefore which formerly existed, had in a measure subsided ; and when no longer restrained by fear, the female chiefs were quite ready to throw off the burdens so long imposed upon them. Keopuolani, the mother of the king, first violated the system, by eat- ing with her youngest son. Other chiefs, when they saw no evil follow, were inclined to imitate her example. But the king was slow to yield. At length, however he gave his assent, and then the work was done. The chiefs, as a body, trampled on all the unpleasant restraints which had been imposed upon them by their system of idolatry. In doing this, they were aware that they threw off allegiance to their gods, and treated them with open contempt. They saw that they took the stand of open revolt. They immediately gave orders to the people that the tabu system should be disre- garded, the idols committed to the flames, and the sacred temples demol- ished. (1.)

The high priest Hewahewa, having resigned his office, was the first to ap- ply the torch. Without his co-opera- tion the attempt to destroy the old system would have been ineffectual. Numbers of his profession, joining in the enthusiasm, followed his example. Kaumualii, having given his sanction, idolatry was forever abolished by law, and the smoke of heathen sanctuaries arose from Hawaii to Kauai. All the islands united in a jubilee at their de- liverance, and presented the spectacle of a nation without a religion.

“But civil war was the immediate consequence. A principal chief rose, with a portion of the people, in a re- bellion. A battle was fought on the western shores of Hawaii, and the God of battles gave victory on the side of these innovations. The rebellious chief was killed, and the whole mass of the people went on with renewed zeal, de- stroying the sacred enclosures and idols. (2)

Liholiho seems to have had no other aim in these remarkable proceedings than to be freed from restraint upon his habits of dissipation; and it is thought Kaahumanu, the strong minded dow- ager queen favored the changes in order to remove unreasonable disabilities from her sex. No religious motive seems to have had influence with any of them, so far without any religion as to be really in a less favorable state for self- preservation than it was before. But an unseen Power, though they knew it not, was preparing them for the speedy introduction of a better reli- gion.

The gods that used to be worship- ed by the people of the Sandwich islands were many. They had one de- nominated the poison god, another the volcano god, another the war god. Their idols seem always to have been made of wood—generally carved out of a hard yellow wood—not larger than a lad ten or twelve years old, and hence quite portable, so that the chiefs were enabled to have a present god in all times of great public emergencies away from home. It would appear, too, that they had them often so small as to be conveniently carried in their pockets. Kamehameha I. it is said, always had an idol of the poison god under his pillow at night.

Their idols generally had some ugly resemblance to human beings, but some of them were of the most hob- gobbling shapes unimaginable. The poison god was the figure of a hideous human monster of small proportions having a wooly head and an open mouth showing all its teeth. In its back was a small hole for the repository of poison. The war god called Taire was repre- sented by wicker-work the size of an adult man, covered with red feathers having a monstrous head with a helmet on it, a hideous mouth exhibiting dozens of dogs'-teeth, and large eyes made of mother of pearl. Another god about which we have no means of learning its place and power, is the figure of a dwarfed man, quite fleshy, with a head immensely larger than its body, looking much as if it were carry- ing a yearling elephant on its head, which rests his right fore foot on its right hand, and his left or its left hand. Another called Luno is simply a pole of hard wood ten feet long with a small ghostly looking head at one end. This would seem to have been designed for carrying into battle. It is singular that the natives supposed Capt Cook, who was murdered by them in 1779, an impersonification of that god.

There were many other idols in use among them, only a few months before the American missionaries first visited the island, but they seem not to have been particularly described by any one and hence little is known of them.

It does not appear that the Sandwich islanders ever had any molten gods, or any made of mason work nor any carved from stone.

1. Dibble's History. 1839 p. 64 2. Jarvis's History p. 109

Subversion of Idolatry
In Siam.

Would that the principal chiefs of Siam with the king at their head could be made willing to lay this subject of abolishing idolatry close to their hearts, and study it with that attention which it deserves! Their religion is unquestionably as much a system of idolatry as that of the Sandwich Islan- ders. They worship Buddha through the idols they have made to represent him. It is certainly no less idolatrous to worship a mere man through idols of brick and mortar and of brass and copper and silver and gold than through blocks of wood. That the king of Siam and a few of his chiefs are the main pillars of the Buddhist idolatry in Siam, and that the whole system, mighty as it seems to be, would im- mediately tumble to ruins if they would but resolutely step out from its support, there can be no reasonable doubt. Nay, let but the king and the two Prime Ministers set their hearts against it as being a system, good only for crushing the temporal and eternal interests of its votaries, (which is its true character,) and declare distinctly that they will no longer give it their sanction, they would carry with them all other orders and ranks of the civil power of Siam, and the whole mass of the priesthood besides.

Nay more, we think that we have abundant evidence from our long ob- servation of Siamese princes and lords, priests and people to show that such is their dependence on the lead of their king, and such their confidence in his learning and wisdom, that he could himself alone subvert Buddhism in Siam, by simply showing that he has lost all confidence in it, and is deter- mined no longer to support it by his influence. Grant that idolatry in Siam is far more powerful than that at the Sandwich Islands; but is not the king of Siam a far more powerful monarch than king Liholiho! And is not the former as able to do the greater work as the latter was the smaller? It is re- corded that when king Liholiho gave his assent to the abolishing of idolatry in his kingdom—-“the work was done”—-that the high priest then resig- ned his office, and was the first to ap- ply the torch to the work which burnt up all the idols and demolished all their sacred temples. It was only the assent of the king, and then the chiefs and priests and people acted accor- ding to their own free will, without an order from the throne, and subverted their idolatry as it were in a single day.

Now we think that the king of Siam would have to do but little more than give his assent, and the princes, lords, priests, and people would by a great majority go, even unbidden by their king, to the work of opposing Buddh- ism. Such a reformation as this would doubtless create some opposition, but it would, in our opinion, be that of the puny arm of an old sick man to one in all the vigor and strength of manhood—yes a manhood armed with the favor and blessing of the only true and Almighty God.

Hence we feel constrained by his Spirit to add, that the most fearful responsibility is now resting on the shoulders of His Majesty the king of Siam, for it is he, single-handed, that is leading all orders and ranks of his people in the idolatry of Buddhism; and as it is most certainly the road to ruin temporal and eternal, eternal justice will hold him responsible for it.

Mr. Recorder.-—We have been much interested in looking over the IX. chapter of First Kings, on one of your last pages. It is an excellent article and must do good. We hope “Young Siam” may be “set a think- ing” as well as “reading.” And we have no doubt the author of First and Second Kings, whoever it may be, will do the whole subject justice in due time; but as we happen to have a thought on the same subject, and as we live in too fast an age to wait on other people to pen our thoughts, so we may as well scribble them down ourselves for the benefit of “all whom it may concern.” Well, our idea is this—-In this thing of Education, we do verily believe that “Old Siam,” “Young Siam,” Missionaries and all have gotten hold of it at the wrong end altogether. Some one says, “give me the first ten years of a child’s life and after that do what you please with him.” Now in all ordinary cases, in this country as in every other who, has the first ten years of every child’s life time? The mother, to a very great extent. Then we would say, by all means train the mothers. If either sex must be neglected let it be the male sex, and let those who are to be the future mothers in Siam be edu- cated. Give them good schools where they will be trained to *Industry,* *Cleanliness, Pure morality, and True* *religion,* and let these schools be made pleasant, cheerful and honorable homes where they can live and learn and work, and there let them be *trained,* not a few months, nor a few years, but if possible from infancy to old age. When we see schools of this kind scattered all over the country then we will begin to feel that there is “a step in the right direction.”

You say that “the children run about the streets learning vice and idleness &c.” Very true. And why is this? Simply because the mother, under whose care they are, is herself, in a great majority of cases, idle and vicious, a mere slave to the caprices and passions of her master; her mind almost a perfect blank, she has no dis- position, no motive sufficient to induce her to give any attention to the train- ing of her children, and the result is, as might be expected, they grow up most woefully ignorant of anything either useful or honorable. And this is not the case because Siamese wo- men are naturally or necessarily a stupid and lazy kind of beings. We speak what we do know, when we say that where they have an opportunity of learning, they will compare favora- bly with females of other countries in reading as well as various kinds of plain and fancy work. Neither is it because there is not plenty of suitable work to employ every female in the country. Why not manufacture the silk, cotton, and hemp of the country here, rather than sell the raw material at half price and send it elsewhere to be made into cloth? And why are we, in this city, compelled to pay Chi- namen tailors and mantua-makers, two or three prices for what the Siamese would do at reasonable rates if they only knew how to do it? Just be- cause the weight of custom, for cen- turies past, is crushing this people down, and no one takes them by the hand and helps them to throw it off. This pressure must be removed, and woman here must be taught that she is something more than a mere thing, and that her rice and betel is not her whole object in life. She must be taught that she can learn to read, and learn to think, and learn to train her children for a life of usefulness and happiness. But this is a great work, and how can it be done? The Gov- ernment can do it, and may we not hope that ere long it will do something in this direction.

“The King is the Father of his people” and has an interest in their welfare and happiness, and what you say in his praise is justly his due; but this he is doing for his sons—he has daughters too, and as a tender loving father he must give them a share in that rich inheritance—a good education —not simply an education of the mind, but an education physical, mental, and moral.

Several generations will probably pass away before woman in Siam will find her proper place beside her broth- er and husband—his equal and com- panion in all things—still the time has certainly come when something decided and energetic should be un- dertaken to elevate her position in so- ciety. “Show me woman’s place in society, and I will show you that na- tion’s place in civilization.

The present King of Siam.

When the king received the crown he promised to protect Buddhism. The more's the pity—-Buddhism is the great millstone, that is dragging down the whole nation. It is a spell upon them, which forbids their rising up as a strong and great nation. They must be puny as a necessity, while they cling to a false religion and bow down to false gods. The very reli- gion dwarfs them. How can they, while they worship a mere mortal like themselves, have a grasping, expan- ding, comprehending influence, that includes all time and all races. It is only pure Christianity, the religion that reveals the ever-living, ever-pre- sent, all-powerful Jehovah, which forms the basis for expansive thoughts and expansive enterprises.

We have only to glance at history to prove this assertion. All, that have found their impetus from any other source, have been selfish, grasping, and oppressive. If they have cherished any virtue, it has been with the spirit of the stern old Roman, who could plunge the dagger into the heart of a daughter to save her from a tyrants will, or that of a beautiful Lucretia who could murder herself to wipe out the plague spot of sin. The very acts are commentaries on the times, mur- der was a little thing. Tyranny stalk- ed abroad unabashed. Purity was cherished for the Roman women, but the nobility knew no law but the gra- tification of their own whims. It is the old story over again. Unbridled selfishness in the great. The strong oppressing the weak.

God did not make one law for man and another for woman. They are both subjects of the same law and held accountable at the same tribunal. And no nation will be really good, till the axe is laid at the root of the tree, and the great become good and pro- tect the weak. Shall a man covet what is true and good and pure, and shall a woman, with finer sensibilities naturally, have no care for the kind of character she takes to her heart and lives to serve! Out upon the princi- ple, that man may be a libertine and still smile, and smile and be respected.

In the light of all other religions and all other codes of morals, christi- anity is most beautifully complete and excellent. That it emanated from in- finite wisdom, breathes on its every page. The thoughts even must be pure, and high and low, rich and poor, weak and strong, obey the supreme will, and obey alike.—-God being mer- ciful to those who most need commis- eration. The law of pure Christianity is love. Love God first and thy fel- low men as thyself. Revenge is Sata- nic—-Forgiveness Godlike—-”Neither do I condemn you go and sin no more.” So says perfect love. Do as God com- mands and you must seek the good of all men every where. Their spiri- tual, intellectual and physical good, and those who have followed the bible must nearly as their law have been most expansively benevolent, most universally useful, and highest in the scale of being. This assertion cannot be disproved.

John Wickliff, Martin Luther, and the pilgrims of Plymouth rock, struck the same leading notes. The bible in the hand of every man as the law of his life, and education for every man, to help him to grasp his duties, and do them well. These men gave type to the nations where they lived, and influence, and as the result, they have secured for their people a higher standpoint and more wonderful results than antiquity ever know or the most boastful of other nations ever dream- ed of.

Greece and Rome have been land- ed for their greatness and their accom- plishments, but selfishness was their impetus, and oppression their handi- work. Their riches were the riches of the few and the degradation of the masses.

In the early history of Greece, dis- cipline of the young was greatly insis- ted upon. But to cheat adroitly was taught as among the first virtues and almost necessarily so, as it was the purpose of the nation to rear a nation of warriors and war thrives by success- ful stratagem. They had no principles to preserve their country in peace and prosperity. Deterioration is necessa- rily the result of aggressive war. The seeds of degradation are in the very result of aggression, and degradation followed in Greece and proved her ruin.

Rome is the same tale over again, either as it was while paganism reign- ed or after it had adopted impure christianity. During the reign of im- pure christianity, the masses were left degraded, that they might blindly follow the will of those who ruled over them. It matters little whether a po- litical ruler or a pope leads blindly an ignorant multitude.

Christianity, as taught by the un- adulterated Word, allows no one to be great except by great service. And he that would be greatest must be ser- vant of all. The king is but the great- est public servant who must live and think and act not for the best good of the people. The good of the people is the “Summum bonum” and the people should be taught to give cheerfully and liberally for value received. The king and his officials give protection and service, and a servant is worthy of his hire.

With these principles carried out a nation must inevitably thrive. It is a system linked by indissoluble cords, binding all classes together and mak- ing the interests of all classes mutual- ly beneficial. Onward and upward must be the progress of these princi- ples till the perfect day. They are worthy to have universal sway, and God's word has gone forth which knows no hindrance. “The kingdoms of this world shall become the king- doms of our Lord.” Siam will become a christian country, and Siamese kings protect christianity. The only prob- lem unsolved is, when shall these things be? Who shall have the plea- sure of seeing the work of God prosper!

LOCAL.

THE British Steamer Seewoox, left for Singapore, on the 5th inst., hav- ing the following passengers, viz:— G. H. KENNEDY Esq. P. PICKEN- PACK Esq. V. PICKENPACK Esq. J. S. BARLOW Esq. MRS. SWAN, AND. MRS. SHANAHAN. Also 5 European and 50 na- tives, deck passengers.

His Majesty the the king left on the 10th inst. with a numerous retinue for a trip to Nakawn Sawan. It is un- derstood that he will be absent seven days. Hence he will return in time to observe his birthday on the 18th as usual. It will be the 63d anniversary of his birth. We hope that he will this year have the celebration so ar- ranged as that he and all his foreign friends may be well pleased.

We hear that the King of CHEANG- MAI is to start on his return home on the 14th inst., and expects to be 60 days on the journey.

The usual season for the king to commence his annual visitations of the temples will occur on the 8th of the 11th waning moon, which is Thursday the 1st of November.

H. Alabaster Esq. and lady left, as we are informed, last Wednesday in a Siamese steamer for on airing in the gulf and are to be absent six days.

The day for renewing the oath of allegiance to the king of Siam was on Sunday the 7th inst. All Siamese princes, lords, nobles, petty magistrates in and about the city, had then to go with each his retinue, numbering from ten to fifty, and drink water and sprink- le their faces with that in which stood swords, daggers, spears, guns etc. with which the king executes vengeance upon them who rebel against him. The priests are all excused from this service by virtue of the sanctity of their office. Many thousand were out in their best attire on that day.

ROBBERY.—-On the night of the 6th instant, the store of Messrs A. Ey- moud, D. Henry & Co. was broken op- en, and a large amount of jewelry stolen from it, consisting of gold and gilded watches, gold watch chains, keys, finger rings, lockets, gilt and sil- ver spoons, and forks, tobacco boxes, German silver spoons and forks, spect- acles, broaches etc. We are glad to be able to report that the thief was arrested on the 9th inst. and much of the stolen property secured. Our in- formants say that the transgressor was formerly a favored Siamese servant in the family of His Excellency the late Phya Sooriwong-Montree—that he confessed his guilt at once, and has been severely punished by castigation. What more is to be done to him we are not informed.

ASSAULT AND BATTERY.-—At this late date we have first heard of a case of Assault and Battery which is said to have occurred more than 10 days since on the Charonkroong street (the new road) in the rear of the American Consulate. It appears that one of the Boat-servants of the Am. Consul on going out to the street near the Consulate, was assailed by a Chinese ruffian who thrust a fish spear of three prongs into his side, making a severe wound. The Constable, or Jailor of the Consulate, came immediately to his rescue and was himself wounded with a fish spear weilded by another Chinaman connected with the same gang, all of whom were interested in a gambling establishment near by. Our informant says, that J. M. Hood Esqr. Am. Consul came out quickly and caused three of the gang to be arrest- ed, and that the trial of the case is now pending in the International court.

MAN SHOOTING.—-Another very fear- ful case of quarrelling, we are sorry to report, occurred on the evening of the 7th inst, between two Europeans on the same notorious street Charon Kroong in the rear of the French Consulate. The persons engaged in it were Mr.Cordeiro Clerk, a Portuguese and Capt. Schmidt a Bremen. All reports appear to agree that there had been a quarrel between them of some days standing about a small sum of money, less than two dollars, which Mr. Cordiero insisted was his due but which Captain Schmidt denied, and that several sharp altercations had been between them before that evening. One class of reporters say, that Capt S., in passing Mr. Cordeiro's house that evening, was addressed with abusive language by the latter, and that Captain Schmidt answered it by a fling of his cane into the window where Mr. Cordiero was sitting, upon which the latter took up his revolver and discharged three shots at Captain Schmidt which lodged two balls in his thigh. Another report is that Capt. Schmidt in the heat of his anger made an effort to burst the door into Mr. Cordiero's room, but failing, went out before the house and abused the latter with vile language, and that this was the proximate cause of his shooting Capt. Schmidt. From our long acquaintance with Mr. Cordiero we could scarcely have dreamed that he would ever, except in sheer self-de fence, in imminent danger, have ventured to use his revolver as he did. But there is no telling what a man may not be tempted to do under strong provocation in an unguarded moment. We have no knowledge of the charac- ter of Captain Schmidt. We under- stand that Mr. Cordeiro has been ar- rested by order of the Portuguese consul and has confessed that he did the deed.

Extract from a Sermon.

Shall we then mourn? What is depart- ing? What is dying? What is death? Is there any place where we need to stand more than by the side of the grave? And ought we not to learn, looking upon the sepulcher, to say, "Thou holdest only the physical body," and to mourn as though we mourned not; and, looking upon death to say, "Thou, death, art thyself dead?" For is not dying as much a part of God's mercy as being born? When the apple- tree blossoms you laugh, and you do not cry when you pick the apple; but when man blossoms, man laughs; and then, when God picks the fruit, he cries. Fool that understands so little! When will you recognize that which constitutes your highest good? Glorious is the hour in which God says, "Come up hither;" and yet you look upon that hour with fear and dread.

Long before winter would let me plant out of doors, I planted under glass, and depended upon artificial heat, and waited for the time when I might remove my early plants. And, as soon as I dared, I set them in the open air in some sheltered noak where the frosts should not touch them. But now, in these June days, I have taken them into the broad, exposed gar- den, and put them where they are to stand and blossom: and they did not weep when I put them there.

Now God has raised us under glass, and nurtured us there, that we might bear transplanting in another and better sphere; and when he comes, and takes us, and plants us out in his open garden, is that the time for us to cry? Beloved, ye are the sons of God; and when the bell strikes, and the angel, hearing the sweet sound, flies swiftly to call you to your sonship and coronation, is that the time for you to cry? Beloved, it doth not yet appear what ye are to be; and yet are ye so pure and noble and true that men can- not bear your going from them? And are you lost because all the fragmentary developments of your being are taken into that higher sphere where they are more, not less?

Why, your child is not your child till you have lost him. That which you can put your arms about is that which you cannot afford to love. No bird cries when the shell is broken and the birdling comes forth; or when, a little later, it leaves the nest and wings its way through the air. Only mothers do that when their children, released from earth, fly away to a better world. And yet, only are they worthy of immortal love when they escape from the clog of this mortal state.

Now, let us thank God, not that men die, but that they live. So far as it pleases God to devolope and endow them here, let us be glad; but when they go to live in a better realm, let us take the higher view, and say, "Thank God that they have gone where they shall be perfect; that they have blossomed, and are bear- ing fruit." Is not this the more Christian way?

Ah, brethren! we are not Christians about dying. Every man is taught to go to heaven through the prison of death. Everybody feels that to sicken and die is to go into Egypt, and into the wilderness. We are apt to think of sickness and dying as so many horrible, gloomy stages in our progress toward the future. But dying is a process as simple as the parting of the stem from the bough; or as the swing- ing of the door that lets one in from the wintry blast outside to the pleasant home inside. It is not hard to die. It is harder a thousand times to live. To die is to be a man. To live is only to try to be one. To live is to see God through a glass darkly. To die is to see him face to face. To live is to live in the ore. To die is to be smelted and come out pure gold. To die is to be in March or November. To live is to find midsummer, where there is perfect harmony and perfect beauty.

Let us not mourn, then, as other men. Let us mourn as though we mourned not. Let us rejoice as though we rejoiced not. Let us work as though we worked not. Let us love as though we loved not. Let us feel that the life that is above is the only thing that is worthy of our thought and striving. Living for God, for glory. and for immortality—-that is life enough.

A Queer Robbery.

The Boston TRANSCRIPT tells of a novel instance of robbery in that enter- prising town :—

A few evenings since, as a young gen- tleman was walking on the Common, he came in contact with a person going in another direction. Both begged pardon and passed on. A moment after it oc- curred to our hero that there might be something wrong, and he instinctively put his hand to his watch pocket and found that his repeater was gone. Turn- ing round, he saw the person whom he had suddenly met walking at a leisurely pace, a short distance from him. Grasp- ing his revolver (purchased in garrotting times) he ran toward the robber, came up to him, drew his pistol and placed it in uncomfortable contact with his head, and, in language more forcible than elegant, demanded his gold hunter, as- suring him that, should he hesitate an in- stant, he should pull the trigger and cause a miscellaneous scattering of his brains thereabouts. The supposed robber unhesitatingly took out a watch, gave it to his dangerous opponent, and got out of his way as quickly as possible. With infinite satisfaction and thankfulness the young gentleman put the watch into his pocket, and in a fervor of excitement at his adventure walked home. On his arrival there his mother noticed the excitement which he was under, and asked him the reason of it, whereupon he narrated to her the circumstances of the robbery, and recovery of his watch. “Why,” said she, “your watch is in your room, where you left it after changing your clothes before you went out!” The young man was dumbfounded, took out the watch from his pocket with a spasmodic twitch, and on beholding it became still more excited, for it was not his! He went to his room and found his own watch where he had left it.

He looked into the glass and saw a highway robber. Visions of policemen, handcuffs, Police Court, Superior Cri- minal Court, Judge Russell, a light sentence in the State prison for the first offence, &c., crowded into his imagination in uncomfortable and regular order. As soon as possible, however, he advertised his ill-gotten watch, took other measures, hoping to live to ask the pardon of his victim, whom he unintentionally robbed, but at last accounts nothing had been heard of him, so that he fears he may be compelled to keep the watch as a trophy of a mutual fright.—-Lo. Co. News.

BED BUGS—-If any of your readers need a sure remedy for bed-bugs, they can have mine, and cleanse the house of this troublesome vermin, with very little expense. They have only to wash with salt and water, filling the cracks where they frequent with salt, and you may look in vain for them. Salt seems inim- ical to bed-bugs, and they will not trail through it. I think it preferable to ALL “ointments,” and the buyer requires no certificate as to its genuineness.

The Rising young Statesman.

This is the name—George Joachim Goschen—-of the rising young statesman of England, the report being generally credited that Earl Russell has invited him to a seat in the Cabinet. He is but thirty-four years of age, which makes his brilliant promotion quite exceptional in England, although William Pitt was Prime Minister at the age of twenty- four. But that was at a time when poli- tical life was not settled in England as it is now, and Mr. Pitt was the son of the most popular man in the kingdom. Mr. Goschen, though born in England, is of German descent, and his grandfather kept a book-stall at Leipsic Fair. He graduated with high honors at Oxford, and went into the banking business in London, where he has made a fortune, besides acting as a Director of the Bank of England, and writing an excellent treatise on political economy. Mr. Gos- chen entered Parliament in 1863 as mem- ber from the city of London, and at the last election he was returned at the head of the poll. He won high rank among the best Parliamentary debaters, and was one of Mr. Gladstone’s confidential ad- visers. Whether he can sustain the high promises of his future public career, re- mains to be seen, the best guaranty of such a result being afforded in the solid and well merited honors he has achieved thus far. He could hardly have done better if he had grown up under our own liberal institutions. This reminds us to say that Mr. Goschen has been a true friend of our country. He refused to have anything to do with the confederate loan; and in his general Parliamentary career has stood with much advanced Liberals as Mr. Bright and Mr. Foster, the former of whom it is said to have heartily recommended his elevation to the Cabinet.—-Pacific.

Tobacco and Madness.

If anything can restrain our young men from the pernicious habit of tobac- co smoking and chewing, it may be in such warnings as are contained in the re- ports of their terrible results in France :

From 1812 to 1832, the tobacco tax in France produced 28,000,000 francs, and the lunatic asylums contained 8,000 patients. The tobacco revenue has now reached 180,000,000, while there are 44, 000 paralytic and lunatic patients in the hospitals ; showing that the increase of lunacy has kept pace with the increase of the revenue of tobacco. These statistics, presented by M. Jolly to the Academy of Science, in connection with the closing words of his speech, containing a fright- ful warning to those forming the perni- cious habit of smoking, now increasing so rapidly : "The immoderate use of to- bacco, and more especially of the pipe, produce a weakness of the brain and in the spinal marrow, which causes mad- ness."—-PACIFIC.

VATTEL, the great veterinary of the continent, states that the rate of pulsa- tion of different domestic animals of the farm is as follows : The horse, 32 to 38 pulsations per minute ; an ox or cow, 25 to 42 ; a sheep, 72 to 79 ; the ass, 48 to 54 ; the goat, 72 to 76 ; the dog, 90 to 100 ; the cat, 110 to 120 ; the rabbit, 120 ; the guinea pig, 140 ; the hen, 140, and the duck, 135.

LAYING MACHINES.-—I have tried the plan of feeding hens with lard and meal, to make them lay, and can say there is nothing like it. Hens are laying-ma- chines ; grease the machine and it will work well.

SPIRITUALISM EXPOSED.—Sothern, the actor, having been called a spiritualist, pronounces the allegation unfounded. He says that he belonged to a party of twelve professional gentlemen formed for the purpose of a thorough, practical, and exhaustive investigation of the phenomena of “spiritualism.” They were quite ready for either result-—to believe it if it were true ; to reject it if found false. For more than two years they had weekly meetings. At length by practice, they succeeded in producing all the won- derful “manifestations” of the profes- sional “media,” but other effects still more startling. They got signatures of Shakspeare, Garrick, and other celeb- rated personages ; produced spirit hands and forms ; and made people float in the air or rather made spectators believe so. Professional mediums witnessed their feats and avowed their superior power over the “spirits.” But the spirits had nothing to do with the phenomena. They were accomplished by other means.—- MORNING STAR.

The Tyranny of Fashion.

We all know there is no more imperious despot than fashion. In our own country, a century ago, the heads of little boys of four were shaved, and they were made to wear wigs like their fathers. The highest authorities contended that wigs were much cleaner than the natural hair. Within the remembrance of many persons now living, the wearing of a beard was considered as not only slovenly, but as a positive ruffi- anism. No man was looked upon with favor until he had removed every vestige of the hair which should have protected his throat. The great change that has oc- curred in this respect is obvious to all. We may look for equal modifications in the present absurd inconvenient dress worn by the women of the present day.

We are by no means advocates of Bloom- erism. Neither would we counsel any lady to attempt to put at defiance the customs of the day. One can avoid foolish extremes without running into their opposites and becoming a public laughing stock. Our fashionable ladies would do well to re- member that the wearing of trousers is no more foolish—perhaps much less so—than trailing a yard of costly silk or satin through the mud and filth of the streets. A skirt, of moderate dimensions, is at least no more immodest than a hoop distended over fifteen or twenty feet in circumfor- ence, every movement of which reveals those limbs which it is thought very inde- cent for the Bloomers to cover with pan- taloons.

American women, instead of copying the extravagancies of Parisian prostitutes, would do well to adopt some simple, easy, and convenient mode of dress. It need not be strikingly at variance with what they have always worn, yet it should be free from absurdities of length, breadth and adornment. They would thus save money, add to their charms, increase the esteem of the men, and what is better, have more self-respect.—-CIN. GAZETTE.

Italy.

The Kingdom of Italy has an area of 98,784 English square miles, with a po- pulation, according to the last census, taken in the spring of 1864, of 21,703,- 710 souls, being on an average 220 in- habitants to the square mile, a figure higher than that of France and Germany, but lower than that of England. There has been in some of the Provinces a rapid increase of population of late years; but the increase of wealth has been much more rapid within the last century than the increase of population. The great mass of the people are devoted to agri- cultural pursuits, and the town popula- tion is comparatively small. It has a seafaring population of 158,692 individ- uals, nearly all of whom are liable to the maritime conscription. The military or- ganization of the Kingdom is based on conscription, and the standing army con- sists of more than 200,000 men on a peace footing, and more than 400,000 on a war establishment. The navy of the Kingdom consisted in 1865 of 98 steam- ers of 20,760 horse power, with 2,160 guns, and 17 sailing vessels with 279 guns; altogether, 115 men of war with 2,439 guns. Italy has a public debt of nearly eight hundred millions of dollars. The expenditure is largely in excess of the annual revenue. The reigning Sov- ereign, Victor Emanuel II., was born March 14, 1820, and is the eldest son of King Charles Albert of Sardinia, and the Archduchess Theresa of Austria. He succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his father, March 23, 1849, and was proclaimed King of Italy by vote of the Italian Parliament, March 17, 1861.

The German Confederation.

The German Confederation was organ- ized, in 1815, upon the ruins of the Ger- man Empire which had been dissolved in 1806. The object of the Confederacy, according to the first article of the Fed- eral Constitution, is "the preservation of the internal and external security of Ger- many, and the independence and invio- lability of the various German States." The organ and representative of the Con- federation is the Federal Diet, consisting of Plenipotentiaries of the several Ger- man States, and permanently located in the free city of Frankfort. The admin- istrative Government of the Federal Diet is constituted in two forms: 1st. As a GENERAL ASSEMBLY or PLENUM, in which every member of the Confederation has at least one vote, and the larger States have two, three or four votes each; and second, the Minor council, or Committee of Confederation, in which the eleven largest States cast one vote each, while six votes are given to the smaller States, a number of them combined having a joint vote. The Presidency is perman- ently vested in Austria. The General Assembly decides on war and peace, on the admission of new members, on any changes in the fundamental laws or or- ganic institutions; but in all other cases the Minor Council is competent to act both as legislative and executive.

At the time of its establishment the Confederacy embraced 39 members, but of these four (Saxe-Gotha, Anhalt-Bern- berg, Anhalt-Koethen and Hesse-Hom- burg,) have become extinct, and two, (Hohenzollern-Hechingen, and Hohen- zollern-Sigmaringen) have been incor- porated with Prussia, leaving, at present, 33 sovereign States. They have together an area of 242,867 square miles, and, in 1864, a population of 46,000,000 people, exceeding the aggregate population of British America, the United States, Mex- ico, and Central America, and being in Europe inferior to that of no country except Russia. The Federal army num- bers about 700,000.

Austria and Prussia belong, with only a part of their several dominions, to this Confederation; Austria with a population of 12,802,944, Prussia with a population of 14,714,024. Prussia, therefore, and not Austria, is in point of population the first German State, and this priority is still more prominent if we take into ac- count the provinces of both powers not belonging to this Confederation.

Deducting the population of the two great German powers, population is left for the other States of about 19,000,000, with a Federal Army of about 300,000. As the record of the votes of the Federal Diet during the last year shows the great majority of the minor States side with, or at least lean towards Austria, and it is still commonly believed, that soon after an outbreak of war between Austria and Prussia, the Diet will declare a Federal war against Prussia.

All parties in Germany, Austria, Prus- sia, the Minor Governments, and all the political parties among the people, are in favor of establishing a Central National Parliament, as a step toward the ultimate establishment of one German Empire. This point is, therefore, likely to be one of the results of the impending war.

State of Mandalay before the
Outbreak.

While the struggle for the throne is still pending, it may not be uninteresting to our readers, to give the ideas of one of the European residents there, as ex- pressed two months before the outburst. The following are extracts from a pri- vate letter, dated Mandalay the 6th of June, which we have been favored with permission to place before the public, but we need scarcely say, that we are in no wise responsible for the opinions therein expressed.

"You will, I know, be interested to hear how I find the country on my re- turn to it. First it is horribly hot, and second it is full of lies. Probably the last fact accounts for the first, for if there be such a thing as paternal affec- tion, the Father of lies must have his home close to so many children. But seriously, it strikes me now more than ever it did before, how utterly hollow and false is every thing here.

"Generally, the Revenue and Foreign policy question necessarily dovetail into each other. The Burmese government is mortally afraid of British traders, knows it dare not forbid them trading and can- not do without the revenue, which the trade gives them. They have at last contrived a plan to meet the difficulty. It is this. Keep out the British mer- chant, at the same time that he is warm- ly invited, by putting all the trade into the hands of Burmese subjects, leaving nothing for him to trade in, and make the monopolists pay largely for their privileges. If the British merchant wants the goods, offer them to him at the Ran- goon prices. To be monopolists are "men of straw," simply the king's pup- pets. There is not a large product of any kind which is not now monopolized, or being monopolized. The country people suffer fearfully from this system. They are in some cases forbidden to sell to foreigners, in others they are simply made to understand, that should they sell, they will get well punished. They are thus compelled to sell below the real value, and cultivation is discouraged and the peasantry get away, if they can man- age it, to British territory. But this is not always easy with a wife and children, especially if the man has a house and land. The corruption and oppression is just in proportion to the distance from British influence and British ground.

Perhaps you have heard of Burman earth oil or petroleum. The wells are old steady ones, not like the Yankee spouts of thousands of gallons per mi- nute. The king has leased the product to two puppet bankers or "thateys," for a sum that makes it cost £1 to these thateys, the difference amounting to for- ty thousand pounds a year which H. M. gets from his own and our Burmese sub- jects, who use it for lighting.

"With tea, cotton and other products the same system is pursued. The treaty is in fact commercially a nullity. British subjects are by it guaranteed free leave to buy and export everything. Practi- cally they can get nothing.

"EXPENDITURE. His majesty has some seventy wives, and as many sons and daughters. The Crown Prince has a fa- mily of similar proportions. Princes and Princesses must have diamonds and fine clothes. I need not tell you that these cost money. The King and Crown Prince's private expenses including de- pendent's remuneration and so forth can- not be less than two thirds of the whole revenue. Of the remaining third a great portion goes to feed, encourage, and lodge in golden monasteries, the most consistent, the most harmless and laziest set of monks that ever fattened on an oppressed people. Where there is so little encouragement to be a "man," it is no wonder, that so many thousands be- come priests.

"Among the King's private expendi- ture is included the cost of immense canals, mud walls, and summer palaces, all of them suggestive of the play of a mere child, regardless of mere cost, aim- ing neither at utility nor luxury. The whole thing especially, when the minis- ters talk of these improvements, forces upon one the exclamation, what a fool the Ruler must be, and how much big- ger fools must his unresisting subjects be.

"With such a Court, it is natural that all the provincial offices should be filled by those, who can pay best for them that is by the men, who engage to press the peasantry most effectually.

"With all this, the King is not a bad man. On the contrary, at the expense of his people's labour and goods, he is a massing to himself and immense amount of merit for the next world. To this end are his erections of pagodas and monas- teries, distribution of food to the priests, frequent repetition of most excellent scriptures, and what is really praise wor- thy his endeavour to prevent the taking of life. But even in this last point, the praise is only partial, for his regard fre- quently makes justice miscarry, and every now and then takes the most objectiona- ble form of depriving foreigners of ani- mal food.

"According to the modern Buddhist idea, the crime of taking the life of a good man, a criminal, and a fowl only varies in degrees not in kind. Gautama the incarnate Buddh was not so silly, and in fact died from a stomach ache caused by eating pork. There, by the bye, he was wrong for pork is quite unfit for human food in a tropical and perhaps in all climates. The character of the King shows a strange mixture of benevolence, and selfishness, of ignoble greed, and ex- travagant expenditure.-—RANGOON TIMES.

Latest Intolligonoe from
Mandalay.

We have to tender our thanks to Moolah Esmail, for the following tele-

gram received the evening before last from Thayetmyo.

"Letter from Minlah. King sent or- ders to take duties as before. King's troops under Atween Woon Kosoh have come to Salin. "Yaynansykia is at Paghan. Captain Rielly and Engineer have deserted her and gone to Mandalay King's people are trying to catch the Steamer and Rebel princes. The Mag- way Myothoogyee has escaped and come down here. I hear that all are well at Mandalay."

This is a most intelligible and a most satisfactory telegram. There can be no question, that in a few 'days more the two rebel Princes will be caught and dealt with according to the laws, both of God and Man. If they come into Brit- ish territory, they stand no chance of es- cape. We shall simply regard them as Murderers, who are flying from justice. Political refugees we are bound in honor always to protect, but our Government has never yet thrown its protection a- round murderers. They will be held under surveillance by our police until a request is made for them by the King. We trust they may remain in their own territory, where they will soon fall into the hands of the king's troops who have been sent after them."

It is earnestly hoped, that these trou- bles in upper Burmah may result in the Burmese Government entering into pro- per Treaty relations with our Govern- ment. Indeed, that they would recog- nize the importance of having a British officer of rank as Resident, with a per- sonal Assistant and establishment, to whose opinion and judgment, the Court of Burmah should be bound to give heed in matters pertaining to the administra- tion of the country, and especially in all subjects of trade, and in their relations and arrangements with foreign states and Governments.

On his visit to the Burmese capital, during next month, perhaps for it must be remembered that the plan has never been abandoned His Honor the Chief, Commissioner will posses the rare and felicitous opportunity of meeting the King when just recovering from the heavy affliction to which he has been sub- jected in the death of the Royal Brother and his three eldest sons. The instability of human affairs will be apparent to both his majesty and the whole Court.

Colonel Phayre's great experience of Burmah, to which we have so often allu- ded, his feelings of regard for the King, and sympathy for the people, and his personal statesmanship and tact as a dip- lomatist, will now find ample scope in effecting needful reforms in the Burmese government. It will be impossible for the King to hold out any longer against good advice tendered to him, and especi- ally at the present junctare of public affairs in his reign. We should almost venture to predict, that His Majesty would be willing to adopt every recom- mendation which the Chief Commissioner may deem it necessary to make. In this aspect of the case there is a peculiar aptness and force given to the following lines taken from the writings of the Poet Cowper."

His wonders to perform,

He plants his footsteps in the sea,

And rides upon the storm.

Odds and Ends.

—Laziness travels so slowly that pov- erty soon overtakes her.

—Mrs. Dawdle says that one of her boys don't know nothing and another does. The question is, which knows the most.

—A celebrated character, who was surrounded by enemies, used to remark: 'They are sparks which, if you do not blow, will go out of themselves.

—The truly illustrious are they who do not want the praise of the world, but perform the actions which deserve it.

—Choice extracts are like burning glasses, whose collected rays point with warmth and quickness upon the reader's heart.

—An Irishman on being told to grease the wagon, returned in about an hour afterwards and said, 'I've greased every part of the wagon but them STICKS THE WHEELS HANG ON.'"

NOTICE. A N English and Siamese Voca- bulary, a valuable assistant to any one studying either lan- guage is for sale, either at this of- fice or the printing office of the Presbyterian Mission. "Bangkok, 7th June 1866.

CORRECTION.

In the Tide Table of the Bangkok Calendar for 1866 for May, June, Au- gust, and October, for High read Low, and for Low read HIGH.