Siam Samai 1882-1886
Introduction
The จดหมาย เหตุ สยาม ไสมย (Chotmaihet Siam Samai) newspaper, or Siam Samai, was published from 1882 to 1886.
The title can perhaps be translated as “Siam Times” but it must not be confused with the another newspaper named Siam Times (สยาม ไตมส์) published in 1863. The word ไสมย is an archaic spelling of the modern Thai สมัย, meaning “era, time or period”. Bradley, in his contemporary Siamese Dictionary of 1873 defines ไสมย as:
ไสมย ฯ แปล ว่า กาละ ว่า คราว, ความ คล้าย กับ ระดู มี ระดู ร้อน เปน ต้น
Samai means time, period, or similar to season, such as hot season.
The content of สยาม ไสมย differs from Bradley’s earlier Bangkok Recorder which had been shut down following the loss of a liable case brought by the French Consul Gabriel Aubaret. While Bradley’s paper contained a lot of political and social reform commentary, Smith focused on more easily read subjects, literature and much less on “social crusades.” It was a safe way to gain an audience without offending diplomats or the palace.
Of the editor, Samuel John Smith, known to the Siamese people as หมอสมิธ (Dr. Smith):
Before leaving Burma, the Reverend and Mrs. Jones adopted an English boy, Samuel John Smith. Smith was sent to be educate in the United States, where he was ordained, joining the Baptist mission in Bangkok in 1849. From 1869, he operated an independent pressing office, where he edited and published in English the Siam Weekly Advertiser (1869-86), the Siam Repository (1869-84), the annual Siam Directory and (in Siamese) Sayam Samai (1882-86), an English-Siamese grammar, a Siamese-English grammar, an arithmetic textbook, a Christian catechism, a comprehensive Anglo-Siamese dictionary, and a comprehensive Siamese-English dictionary (which was ready for the press at the time of his death but was never printed). He printed Siamese prose and poetry in great quantities, making the printed page a very common commodity and selling presses and fonts of type to Siamese and Chinese job printers, who opened presses everywhere in Siam.
International Book Publishing: An Encylopedia. Altbach & Hoshino, 1995
Project Notes
This newspaper has not (yet) been manually proofread. There are likely to be mistakes in the automated transcription.
See this article for a guide to Thai Lunar dates.
Volume 1
Published monthly from August 16th, 1882 to July 11th, 1883 (เดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — เดือน ๘ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕)
เดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — August 16th, 1882 A.D.
New newspaper launch and subscription details / King Rama V’s royal travels and activities / Grand National Exhibition showcasing Thai culture / Muslim religious celebrations and social gatherings / Concerns regarding public safety and armed robbery / Sun movements and seasonal weather patterns / Educating Thai youth on global geography / British military intervention in Egyptian conflicts / Global news via international telegraph reports / Political tensions and wars across various continents.เดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — September 13th, 1882 A.D.
Newspaper subscription and distribution logistics management / Royal ceremonies for the new Chakri Palace / Diplomatic relations between Siam and Great Britain / Public rewards for capturing dangerous local robbers / International conflict and war updates from Egypt / Maritime shipping incidents and rice harvest reports / Economic history and ownership of rice mills / Buddhist missionary journey from Siam to Lanka / Promotion of classical literature and educational books / Modern education offerings at Siam University Bangkokเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — October 18th, 1882 A.D.
Royal speech celebrating the King’s birthday / Administrative reforms for city and provincial security / Development of modern telegraph and canal infrastructure / Land surveys and agricultural documentation for citizens / Diplomatic expansion and permanent international embassies / Centennial celebrations of the Rattanakosin era / Global news reporting on the Egyptian war / Crime suppression and regulation of secret societies / Scientific observations and education regarding astronomical events / Historical record of the Ayutthaya Kingdom’s layout.เดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — November 15th, 1882 A.D.
US Diplomatic Envoy Meets the Siamese King / Expanding Global Communication via New Telegraph Lines / Royal Participation in Traditional Buddhist Religious Festivals / International News Reports on Egyptian Military Conflicts / Concerns Regarding Local Flooding and Celestial Events / Importation of Foreign Livestock for Royal Use / Public Health Notices Regarding Cholera Medicine Ads / Growth of Local Printing and Educational Opportunities / Condemning Gambling During Local Community Boat Races / Reporting Regional Fires and Large Chinese Processionsเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — December 13th, 1882 A.D.
Strengthening diplomatic ties with Western nations / King grants religious freedom to foreign missionaries / Global reports on colonial conflicts and politics / Modernizing Bangkok roads and improving urban infrastructure / Commemorating royal coronation anniversaries and religious rituals / Managing public safety, fires, and patrol duties / Moral campaigns against alcohol, opium, and gambling / Economic growth through exhibitions and international trade / Promoting formal education for future government service / Observing natural phenomena and scientific global explorationเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — January 10th, 1883 A.D.
Royal promotion of the King of Chiang Mai / The King’s royal excursion to the coast / Historical records of major comet sightings in Siam / Urban fires and fire brigade response efforts / Executions of violent criminals and local thieves / River patrols returning lost boats to owners / Rewarding students and promoting modern formal education / Public hardships and corruption in tax collection / Global political updates and international telegraph news / Commercial advertisements for books and banking servicesเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — February 14th, 1883 A.D.
Death of Somdej Chao Phraya Sri Suriwongse / Royal ceremonies and traditional Thai festivals / Maritime safety and modern torpedo technology / International diplomacy and foreign treaty negotiations / Expanding regional telegraph and communication networks / Surveying the potential Kra Isthmus canal / Global political conflicts and overseas news / Scientific explanations of Earth’s atmosphere / Economic notices regarding currency and trade / Educational opportunities and printing house servicesเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๔ — March 14th, 1883 A.D.
Decree defining death terms by social rank / Career tribute to the late Siamese Regent / Expanding telegraph infrastructure connecting to Bangkok / Political turmoil and ministerial changes in France / International maritime regulations for the Suez Canal / British parliamentary debates regarding Irish civil unrest / Poetic description of a European royal wedding / Traditional dates for Siamese New Year festivities / Educational values and moral conduct for students / Commercial advertisements and local business service noticesเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — April 11th, 1883 A.D.
Royal funeral rites for the Siamese Princess / Royal compassion toward foreign missionary families / Global political conflicts and civil unrest / Astronomical calculations for Thai New Year / Expansion of maritime trade and steamships / International economic shifts and trade tariffs / Reporting local fires and urban incidents / Diplomatic missions and European royal weddings / Commercial advertisements for photography and auctions / Promotion of modern education and literacyเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — May 9th, 1883 A.D.
German royalty visits Siam for diplomatic friendship / Elaborate royal funeral ceremonies at Sanam Luang / Reorganizing import and export tax collection systems / Violent crimes and river safety concerns addressed / Global political developments reported via international telegraph / Dangerous traditional fireworks during Songkran festive celebrations / Christian moral lessons regarding sin and redemption / The Royal Gazette returns to inform the public / Advertisements for photography and diverse book sales / Records of high-ranking officials and noble genealogiesเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — June 6th, 1883 A.D.
Royal appointments and granting of titles / Hosting high-ranking foreign dignitaries in Bangkok / Traditional ceremonies and royal elephant hunting / Natural disasters damaging palaces and temples / Arrival of British and French warships / Global news reported via international telegrams / Observations on Chinese immigration and labor / Public safety notices regarding lost property / Expansion and evolution of local print media / Emerging commercial services and educational opportunitiesเดือน ๘ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — July 11th, 1883 A.D.
Royal cremation and biographies of monks / Readers praising newspaper’s impartiality and truth / Managing silver currency and international exchange / New laws for land and debt / Global telegraph news and military conflicts / French colonial expansion in Southeast Asia / Diplomatic missions and royal gift exchanges / Public health reports regarding cholera outbreaks / Religious and educational books for sale / Promotion of modern schooling in Siam
Volume 2
Published fortnightly from August 8th, 1883 to August 13th, 1884 (เดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — เดือน ๙ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖)
เดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — August 5th, 1883 A.D.
King visits Bang Pa-In summer palace / Diplomatic mission sent to Queen Victoria / Royal appointments of high-ranking Buddhist monks / Grand merit-making ceremony honoring past kings / Royal princes ordain as Buddhist monks / Managing provincial governance and foreign relations / Official opening of the national telegraph line / Judicial reports on royal pardons and executions / International reports on disease and global conflicts / Commercial advertisements for photography and booksเดือน ๙ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — August 22nd, 1883 A.D.
Royal ceremony honoring the King’s long reign / Establishing the national postal and communication system / Criminal justice, law enforcement, and public executions / Diplomatic relations with Western and Asian nations / Global news reports via international telegraph cables / Infrastructure debates regarding the Kra Isthmus canal / Commercial trade, steamboat transport, and public auctions / Public health monitoring and global disease outbreaks / Cultural representation at international exhibitions in Europe / Media industry updates and public service announcementsเดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — September 5th, 1883 A.D.
Postal service reduces rates for newspapers / Theft investigation at Smith Printing House / Conflict between palace guards and Europeans / Public health concerns regarding cholera outbreaks / Controversial legal case involving child pawning / Advocacy for banning gambling and opium / Infrastructure development and road paving projects / International political updates via foreign telegraph / Commercial advertisements for photography and shipping / Religious discourse on morality and hygieneเดือน ๑๐ แรม ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — September 19th, 1883 A.D.
Celebrations for King Chulalongkorn’s royal birthday / Expansion of telegraph and postal infrastructure / Royal pardons and judicial punishment reports / Economic criticism of wealthy elite hoarding capital / Reports on police misconduct and public grievances / Devastating Krakatoa volcanic eruption and disaster relief / Royal donations for international humanitarian aid / Development of national infrastructure and commerce / International news and global diplomatic updates / Commercial services including photography and steamshipsเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — October 3rd, 1883 A.D.
Royal birthday celebrations and the King’s speech / Economic growth in rice and teak trade / Mourning the death of a senior statesman / Modernizing national telegraph and postal services / Improving public safety and road infrastructure / Strengthening international diplomacy and trade treaties / Military preparedness against regional border threats / Regulating currency exchange and postal laws / Global news on French and Chinese conflicts / Promoting literacy through newspaper and book salesเดือน ๑๑ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — October 17th, 1883 A.D.
Official promotions and administrative appointments in Siam / Prominent figures renouncing wealth for Buddhist monkhood / Report on severe illness outbreak in Chiang Mai / Legal disputes involving Chinese laborers and taxation / Role of journalism in Siamese national development / Global political conflicts and international telegram reports / Traditional moral proverbs and ethical life lessons / Expansion of postal and modern communication services / Commercial advertisements for books and professional services / Local crime reports involving stolen foreign goodsเดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — October 31st, 1883 A.D.
Royal decorations and honors for officials / Official government appointments and rank upgrades / Traditional festivals and seasonal palace celebrations / The King’s annual Royal Kathin visits / Cultural impact of the Prince’s Theatre / International news reports via global telegraphs / Public grievances regarding trade and honesty / Moral proverbs and guidelines for conduct / Legal notices and disinheritance of family / Commercial advertisements for services and booksเดือน ๑๒ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — November 21st, 1883 A.D.
Necessity of government for maintaining social order / Corruption and loopholes within the justice system / Global humanitarian aid for natural disaster victims / National defense and stability in remote regions / Balancing traditional faith with modern intellectual wisdom / International telegraph news and global political affairs / Challenges of establishing modern theater and entertainment / Promoting literacy through diverse educational literature sales / Public security and management of local conflicts / Commercial growth in photography and specialized servicesเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — December 5th, 1883 A.D.
Education and modern schooling at Suan Anan / Royal prohibition of fraudulent gambling practices / Public safety warnings against rising urban crime / Official royal appointments and bureaucratic promotions / Regulation and improvement of postal services / International disaster relief efforts for Java / Social impacts of debt and child slavery / Global political updates via international telegrams / Moral guidance and proverbs for common citizens / Commercial advertisements for technology and booksเดือน ๑ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — December 19th, 1883 A.D.
Enhanced public safety through police reforms / Promoting modern education and student achievements / Global political updates and international telegrams / Administrative changes regarding northern military campaigns / Commercial developments and imported luxury goods / Navigational challenges and improved river transport / Moral lessons through proverbs and fables / Cultural and agricultural news from Chiang Mai / Expansion of local journalism and subscriptions / Addressing urban crime and gambling disputesเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — January 2nd, 1884 A.D.
Loyal service and contributions of high officials / Principles of balanced leadership and administrative justice / Winning subordinate loyalty through kindness and support / Advocating for social reform and media ethics / Promoting urban development and modern infrastructure growth / Encouraging real estate investment and economic foresight / Introducing Christian traditions and the Western calendar / Global political updates delivered via international telegrams / Educational advancement through English language studies / Commercial advertisements for modern goods and servicesเดือน ๒ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — January 16th, 1884 A.D.
Ministers must uphold the King’s royal honor / Assess military strength and reward meritorious service / Discipline rebellious individuals like training wild animals / Respect and support elderly officials with kindness / Guide citizens toward virtuous and beneficial conduct / Reports on local crime and police negligence / Cautionary tales warning against deception and robbery / Debating the meaning of true national civilization / Telegram news regarding international wars and politics / Advertisements for commercial services and book salesเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — January 30th, 1884 A.D.
Expansion of telegraph lines to Kanchanaburi / Diplomatic social events and consular movements / Royal ceremonies and official palace travels / New regulations for river patrol safety / Protection and debate regarding ancient antiquities / International news on global military conflicts / Warnings about fire and dangerous explosives / Advertising modern medicine for liver ailments / Moral fables about pride and caution / Commercial advertisements for local printing servicesเดือน ๓ แรม ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — February 13th, 1884 A.D.
Reader feedback on newspaper reporting quality / Royal travels and preparations for provincial tours / Development of infrastructure and modern transportation / International political developments and foreign telegrams / Religious discourse on Christianity and Thai perspectives / Legal matters and treatment of enslaved people / Thai diplomatic missions and international relations / Advertisements for health products and medicines / Economic management of early printing houses / Commercial advertisements and business expansion newsเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — February 27th, 1884 A.D.
Promoting virtue and abandoning evil deeds / Criticizing judicial corruption and legal bribery / Harmful social impacts of local gambling / Proposed tax reforms to replace gambling / King’s wise investigation into military misconduct / British colonial military conflicts in Sudan / Foreign scholars exploring regional geography and culture / Marketing of imported medicine and services / Promotion of literacy and published literature / Editorial guidelines for constructive public discourseเดือน ๔ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — March 12th, 1884 A.D.
Royal movements and official state travels / Diplomatic missions to resolve regional disputes / Traditional religious pilgrimages and philosophical beliefs / Local festivals featuring boxing and theater / Maritime shipping news and river accidents / Social issues involving theater and slavery / International military conflicts in Egypt and Sudan / Expanding telegraph networks across Southeast Asia / Diplomatic relations with European and Asian powers / Commercial advertisements for medicine and servicesเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๕ — April 2nd, 1884 A.D.
Violence involving secret societies and fugitive slaves / Royal clemency for soldiers involved in unrest / Public dismissal of a high-ranking royal official / Debate over newspaper advertising and operational costs / Expansion of telegraph and telephone communication infrastructure / Arson fire causes major damage at dockyard / Observing traditional Thai festivals and royal rituals / International reports on colonial wars and politics / Encouraging Siamese participation in global trade fairs / Commercial advertisements for medicines and technical servicesเดือน ๕ แรม ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — April 16th, 1884 A.D.
Corruption and moral decay in cockfighting scandals / Grand funeral ceremonies for the Siamese Regent / Editorial pleas for morality and legal adherence / Diplomatic relations with Germany and French officials / Christian missionary activities and baptisms in Siam / International news transmitted via global telegraph lines / Modern commercial marketing for medicines and services / Urban development and economic progress in Bangkok / Publishing logistics for newspapers and local literature / Global political conflicts and royal family deathsเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — April 30th, 1884 A.D.
Media role in educating and informing society / Cultural competition between traditional and modern drama / Abuse of power against female theater performers / Judicial corruption and bribery in legal system / Comparing Christian theology with local religious beliefs / Legal consequences of trespassing in royal residences / Injustice and violence against domestic servants / International news on global conflicts and politics / Commercial advertising for medicine and diverse services / Promoting public literacy through printed materialsเดือน ๖ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — May 14th, 1884 A.D.
Expansion of domestic and international telegraph networks / Posthumous royal honors and royal family obituaries / Editorial guidelines for public discourse and ethics / Global news updates via international telegraph lines / Concerns regarding public safety and local robberies / Advertising patent medicines and health-related products / Educational books and printing house publication lists / Official movements of diplomats and high-ranking ministers / International military conflicts and foreign political affairs / Commercial advertisements and theater entertainment in Bangkokเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — May 28th, 1884 A.D.
Criticism of monks wearing improper pleated robes / The social and economic impact of gambling / Ethical duties of officials and modest celebrations / Diplomatic celebrations for Queen Victoria’s royal birthday / Legal disputes regarding false advertisements in newspapers / Foreign news summaries from Europe and Africa / Corruption and the need for judicial reform / Economic hardships of farmers due to livestock laws / Medical treatments and marketing for liver diseases / Commercial advertisements for printing and plating servicesเดือน ๗ แรม ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — June 11th, 1884 A.D.
Royal appointments for substitute judicial court administrators / Standardized fees for royal military registration documents / Citizens petitioning against corrupt extortion by officials / Official clarifications regarding recovered stolen buffalo procedures / Global reports on international conflicts and finance / Commercial announcements for ice sales and socialites / Advertisements for liver medicine and metal polishing / Sales of official post office directory books / Publication and sale of diverse Thai literature / Subscription policies for the Siam Saimai newspaperเดือน ๘ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — June 25th, 1884 A.D.
Global philanthropy and free hospital construction / Comparative religious debates on god and suffering / International news on foreign conflicts and uprisings / Siamese diplomatic missions to the Western world / Royal warnings against superstition and infectious diseases / Infrastructure development and telegraph communication expansion / Commercial trade in medicine and industrial goods / Educational advancement through foreign language translation / Colonial tensions and French influence in Indochina / Legal prohibitions against slavery and human traffickingเดือน ๘ แรม ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — July 9th, 1884 A.D.
Official response to labor conscription disputes / Praise for professional theatrical costume design / Surveying railways to connect Siam and China / Global reports on international conflicts and treaties / French colonial expansion into the Cambodian kingdom / Citizens complaining about local banditry and corruption / Commercial advertisements for imported medicine and pills / Updates on local newspaper subscriptions and delivery / Refurbishing services for metal and luxury goods / Catalog of available Thai literature and textbooksเดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — July 23rd, 1884 A.D.
New regulations for provincial official certificates / Royal warnings against rumors and public panic / Tracking cholera mortality rates in Bangkok / The King’s royal journey to Bang-Pa-In / Geopolitical conflict between France and China / Farmer petitions regarding land and canal disputes / Maritime collision between Siamese and British vessels / Siamese diplomatic mission to the United States / Commercial advertisements for imported patent medicines / Sales of diverse literature and educational booksเดือน ๙ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — August 13th, 1884 A.D.
Defense of Buddhist monks against public criticism / Royal patronage and religious devotion of King / Proposed railway connections from Bangkok to China / Tribute to Henry Alabaster’s contributions to Siam / International news summaries via telegraphic reports / Advertisements for liver pills and fever cures / Diplomatic tensions over Siamese and Cambodian borders / Newspaper subscriptions and Thai book sales catalogs / Reports on cholera spreading throughout European cities / Official royal movements and government appointments
Volume 3
Published weekly from August 27th, 1884 to August 19th, 1885 (เดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — เดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗)
เดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — August 27th, 1884 A.D.
The suffering and taxes of Siamese commoners / Roles of government in protecting public interests / Fair taxation and transparency in government spending / Siamese diplomatic missions to Europe and America / International news on global wars and conflicts / King Rama V rewarding loyal civil service / Western medicinal advertisements and health advice topics / Publication and subscription of the Siam Samai / Availability of diverse books and educational materials / Laws should follow the consensus of citizensเดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — September 3rd, 1884 A.D.
Royal warnings against believing false cholera rumors / Improving efficiency in processing official government documents / Utilizing modern technology for royal administrative communication / International telegrams reporting on the Sino-French War / Highlighting legal corruption and social class inequality / Public health concerns regarding rabies and outbreaks / Guidance on environmental changes and seasonal weather / Promotion of educational literature and newspaper services / Criticism of officials exploiting citizens for profit / Advertisements for imported remedies and patent medicinesเดือน ๑๐ แรม ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — September 10th, 1884 A.D.
Universal morality and spiritual self-improvement / Social and economic dangers of gambling / Judicial corruption and the need for justice / Developing national education and standardized textbooks / Expansion of foreign missionary and medical services / Improving infrastructure and international postal routes / Reporting global conflicts and international news / Citizen petitions against corrupt local officials / Ethical behavior and civil social conduct / Commercial advertising and distribution of knowledgeเดือน ๑๐ แรม ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — September 17th, 1884 A.D.
Moral warnings against opium and addiction / Royal birthday celebrations and sacred oaths / Legislating protection for national telegraph systems / Reports on French-Chinese naval military conflicts / Regulations for public carriage fares and safety / Legal petitions and integrity of government officials / Advertising medicinal treatments for various ailments / Promoting literacy through classical Thai literature / International currency exchange and trade news / Newspaper subscription terms and editorial policiesเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — September 24th, 1884 A.D.
Thai official’s journey and service in Burma / Urban disasters and royal succession in Burma / Elaborate birthday celebrations for the Siamese King / Royal speech addressing national progress and stability / Military reforms and suppression of regional rebels / Expanding telegraph, postal, and transportation infrastructure / International diplomacy and foreign relations with West / Reforming legal systems and advancing national education / Commercial advertisements for medicines and public auctions / Geographical surveying and mapping for border securityเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — October 1st, 1884 A.D.
Defining political economy and the accumulation of wealth / The impact of government laws on trade growth / Human needs and labor as roots of wealth / Utilizing natural resources for industrial and economic productivity / Portuguese consulate regulations for local pawnshop operations / Concerns regarding new gambling practices in provincial towns / The life and missionary work of Dr. Dean / International reports on global conflicts and colonial movements / Public health concerns and advertisements for various medicines / Distribution of educational books and newspaper subscription detailsเดือน ๑๑ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — October 8th, 1884 A.D.
Traditional wisdom for ethical social conduct / Observing Siamese cultural festivals and traditions / Explaining celestial events through scientific lens / Reforming religious practices and monastic behavior / Promoting monogamy and abolition of slavery / Demanding judicial integrity and public safety / Introducing western pharmaceutical and medical advice / Participation in international trade and exhibitions / Disseminating knowledge through newspapers and booksเดือน ๑๑ แรม ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — October 15th, 1884 A.D.
Coronation of new Burmese King in Mandalay / British and Burmese diplomatic refugee negotiations / Palace fire interpreted through royal astrology / Defining wealth and labor in political economy / Market value driven by desire and exchange / Ethical concerns regarding local steamboat accidents / Consular efforts to regulate local pawnshop trade / International telegrams and global travel reports / Commercial advertisements for imported patent medicines / Circulation of newspapers and traditional literatureเดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — October 22nd, 1884 A.D.
Confucian moral teachings and social conduct / Biographical tributes to Chakri Dynasty kings / Global military conflicts and international news / Economic theories on price and utility / Royal ceremonies and official state activities / Medical advertisements and health management advice / Promotion of literacy through Thai literature / Journalistic ethics and anonymous public reporting / Impact of transportation on commodity prices / Commercial advertisements and upcoming public auctionsเดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — October 29th, 1884 A.D.
Moral advice for family during hardship / Local reports of accidents and crime / International news delivered through the telegraph / Praising monarchs for modernization and development / Strengthening religious practices and Thai literacy / Economic concepts of labor and human motivation / Advertisements for medicinal pills and tonics / Moral tales promoting honesty and diligence / Publication logistics and catalogs of literature / Advancements in legal reforms and infrastructureเดือน ๑๒ แรม ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — November 5th, 1884 A.D.
Morality and behavioral wisdom for daily living / Social scandals and misconduct among Buddhist monks / Crime reports and safety warnings in Bangkok / International political conflicts and colonial expansion efforts / Corruption and judicial reform in local government / Economic arguments for free labor against slavery / Public infrastructure and river traffic safety concerns / Medical advertisements and instructions for home remedies / Promoting education and scientific literacy through books / Political movements and unrest across various nationsเดือน ๑๒ แรม ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — November 12th, 1884 A.D.
Servant loyalty and devotion to masters / Traditional gender roles and household management / Public safety and river police law enforcement / Rehabilitating youth through education and reform / Warnings about gambling risks and street fraud / Global news updates and international political affairs / Principles of good governance and leadership ethics / Economic theories on monopolies and patent rights / Judicial integrity and preventing corruption in court / Advertising medical products and early printed literatureเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — November 19th, 1884 A.D.
Missionaries promote Christian salvation and the creator / Debating the first cause and human divinity / Critiquing Buddhist scriptures and religious practices / Miracles and resurrection as evidence for Christ / Reevaluating morality regarding killing animals for food / Reporting on domestic royalty and foreign dignitaries / Global news updates via international telegram reports / Honoring the impact of Dr. Bradley’s journalism / Strategic suggestions for Siamese urban development / Defining government responsibilities toward citizens and justiceเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — November 26th, 1884 A.D.
Poetic expression of separation and duty / Royal reception of European diplomatic visitors / Western music and social dance festivities / Local reports of tragedy and accidents / International political news and military conflicts / Moral debates on non-violence and karma / Public warnings against pickpockets and crime / Traditional remedies and commercial medicine ads / Emerging newspaper industry and literary trade / Observance of religious and state ceremoniesเดือน ๑ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — December 3rd, 1884 A.D.
Religious debates regarding killing animals for food / Updates on Thai royal travel and ceremonies / Reports on local crimes and public safety / Global news reports via international telegraph / Promoting trade and domestic economic transparency / Social debates on monogamy and marital justice / Advertisements for medicines and health care / Historical reflections and religious biblical stories / Promoting educational books and printing technology / Local news about fire and market disastersเดือน ๑ แรม ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — December 10th, 1884 A.D.
Distinctions between human and animal spiritual souls / Ministerial resignations and changes in government roles / International diplomatic tensions and French naval blockades / The efficacy of smallpox vaccinations using cowpox / Economic reports on trade and customs duties / Moral teachings through traditional Thai poetic proverbs / Biblical narratives regarding Moses and Egyptian plagues / Updates on British military operations in Sudan / Commercial advertisements for imported medicines and books / Procedures for newspaper subscriptions and advertising costsเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — December 17th, 1884 A.D.
God created animals to serve human needs / Killing suffering animals is an act of mercy / Human life serves as a spiritual trial / Moral leaders must practice what they preach / Royal patronage supports educational progress in Siam / Laborers and employers should practice mutual respect / Citizens expose official corruption in labor taxes / Proper water storage prevents seasonal health issues / Foreign news covers global conflicts and diplomacy / Animals demonstrate complex emotions like human joyเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — December 24th, 1884 A.D.
Ethics of eating meat and killing animals / Christian teachings on sin and salvation / Royal traditions and Bangkok’s swing ceremony / Scientific observations of animal emotional expressions / Royal support for education and school systems / International political and military news reports / Local governance and legal accountability issues / Preservation and management of royal property / Biblical origins of humanity and languages / Modern medicine and commercial product advertisementsเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๑๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — December 31st, 1884 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission sent to France / Royal tonsure ceremonies for the princes / Concerns regarding local crime and policing / Societal views on African American history / Ritual importance of the Giant Swing / Peasant grievances against rural government corruption / Global news regarding Sudan and China / Printing services and commercial medicine sales / Christian theological teachings and moral poems / Catalog of available Thai literary worksเดือน ๒ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — January 7th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission voyage to Singapore / International reports on global colonial expansion / Evolving social policies regarding opium addiction / Criminal activities linked to unregulated pawnshops / Legal disputes within the teak wood trade / Public complaints regarding street games and safety / Comparison of newspaper reliability and publication consistency / Religious perspectives on human history and predestination / Advertising books and medicinal products in Bangkok / Reporting on local marriages and foreign celebrationsเดือน ๒ แรม ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — January 14th, 1885 A.D.
Diplomatic protocols and international state relations / Maritime journeys and colonial administrative visits / International news and global military conflicts / Commercial shipping and Bangkok port activities / Import export values and financial trade statistics / Royal honors and medals for meritorious service / Theater performances and urban social activities / Literary publishing and printing house services / Internal administrative matters and local news / Commercial advertisements for medicine and auctionsเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — January 21st, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomats observe British colonial fortifications / Maritime travel details and ship engine repairs / Colonial infrastructure and lifestyle in foreign ports / Royal transitions and official news from Bangkok / International merchant shipping and trade activity logs / Foreign news on European royalty and politics / Public rumors reflecting social morality and justice / Comparative religious dialogues between Buddhism and Christianity / Commercial advertisements for medicine and printing servicesเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — January 28th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomats receive high honors in Egypt / King Chulalongkorn travels to Chanthaburi by sea / New regulations for Bangkok river police patrols / Promoting national journals and printing house publications / Expansion of telegraph lines across the kingdom / Reporting on global conflicts and political affairs / Comparison of world governments and social classes / Analysis of global religious practices and rituals / Shipping schedules and international currency exchange rates / Advertisements for imported medicines and healthcare productsเดือน ๓ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — February 4th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission visits Cairo and Alexandria / New regulations for importing weapons and gunpowder / Detailed report on major fire in Bangkok / Arrival and departure of international merchant ships / Telegraphic news updates on global political conflicts / Economic statistics regarding imports into Bangkok port / Initial railway survey from Bangkok to Korat / Traditional Thai moral proverbs and didactic poetry / Advertisements for imported medicines and health products / Printing house services and newspaper subscription noticesเดือน ๓ แรม ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — February 11th, 1885 A.D.
Detailed statistics of international maritime trade / Global news reports via international telegraph / Urban modernization and architectural growth in Bangkok / Establishment of Western-style multi-lingual education / Governance and management of public institutions / Maritime import and export economic values / Promotion of imported Western medicinal products / Development of the local printing industry / Public order regulations for city streets / Comparative growth of national wealth and infrastructureเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — February 18th, 1885 A.D.
Economic statistics and trade in British Burma / British consulate establishment in Chiang Mai city / Agricultural production and global rice export trends / Royal news and arrival of white elephant / Critical views on ancient religions and priests / Public safety and rising theft in Bangkok / Maritime accidents and heroic sea rescue efforts / Local engineering and development of steamship industry / Cultural customs during Chinese New Year celebrations / Global military updates via international telegraph reportsเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — February 25th, 1885 A.D.
Thai diplomatic mission travels to Europe / Public petitions regarding local administrative corruption / Governance and judicial reforms in Phetchaburi / Criminal incidents involving soldiers and officials / Observations of Western technology and infrastructure / International news on foreign military conflicts / Bangkok maritime shipping and trade activities / Religious moral teachings and Christian proselytizing / Advertisements for imported medicines and publications / Production and distribution of Thai literatureเดือน ๔ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — March 4th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic missions visiting European cities / European military technology and industrial innovation / Bangkok urban planning and public hygiene / Judicial fairness and the fight against bribery / Global news on colonial wars and conflicts / International shipping and maritime trade logistics / Promotion of Western medicine and public health / Development of print media and literature / Western colonial expansion in Southeast Asia / Early geographic and religious historical perspectivesเดือน ๔ แรม ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — March 11th, 1885 A.D.
Grand descriptions of prominent Buddhist temples / Royal ceremonies and official state activities / Poetic reflections on family and nostalgia / Foreign diplomacy and international visitor reports / Global news on elections and wars / Port activities and maritime trade records / Comparative analysis of Eastern political systems / Development of printing and book distribution / Commercial advertisements for medicines and services / Regional economic data and currency exchangeเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — March 18th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission visiting Paris, France / Royal gifts presented to foreign government officials / Expansion of postal and telegraph communication systems / Predictions for eclipses and traditional holiday dates / International political tensions and global military news / Moral lessons taught through traditional animal fables / Commercial advertisements for medicine and translation services / Distribution of Thai literature and educational books / Shipping logs for vessels entering Bangkok harbor / Religious merit-making ceremonies at local Buddhist templesเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — March 25th, 1885 A.D.
Poetic travelogue of Thai waterways and nature / International diplomacy and celebrations in Bangkok / Traditional theater and elite social gatherings / Public demands for judicial and legal reforms / Criticism of corruption and administrative oppression / Scientific perspective on the lunar eclipse phenomenon / Global military conflicts and international news updates / Detailed records of Bangkok maritime shipping trade / Commercial promotion of medicine and printing services / Availability of literary and educational publicationsเดือน ๕ แรม ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — April 1st, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission received in France / Royal ceremonies and cremations in Bangkok / Cultural entertainment and French circus arts / International news from global telegraph reports / Traditional customs during a lunar eclipse / Merit making and education by Thai officials / Shipping logs and commercial trading updates / Moral proverbs and traditional ethical teachings / Medical advertisements and local printing services / Diplomatic honors granted to foreign representativesเดือน ๕ แรม ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๖ — April 8th, 1885 A.D.
Poetic travel observations through Amphawa and Mae Klong / Comparing Catholic missions with Thai Buddhist traditions / Expansion of formal education under royal patronage / Regulating military uniforms to prevent public dishonor / Local crime reports regarding robbery and theft / Urban infrastructure issues and road encroachment problems / International news on the Sino-French War conflict / Logistics of maritime trade in Bangkok port / Commercial advertisements for books and patent medicines / Royal examinations and awards for high-ranking studentsเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — April 15th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomats visiting French industrial sites / Exploration of Versailles and French history / Detailed observations of European exotic wildlife / Appointment of Siamese consuls in Burma / Concerns over military equipment procurement quality / Biography and death of Sir Harry Parkes / Public debate on governance and integrity / Global telegraphic updates on international conflicts / Commercial shipping activity in Bangkok port / Advertisements for medicine and Siamese literatureเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — April 22nd, 1885 A.D.
Travelogue and folklore from Samut Songkhram / Rising crime rates and theft in provinces / Calls for judicial reform and citizen rewards / Corruption and extortion by government checkpoint officers / Theological debates between Buddhism and Christian beliefs / International conflicts and descriptions of Western cities / Social concerns about gambling and public safety / Promotion of literature and diverse educational books / Maritime trade schedules and regional economic data / Advertisements for patent medicines and healthcare guidesเดือน ๖ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — April 29th, 1885 A.D.
Diplomatic mission from Siam to London / Thai youth pursuing education in foreign lands / Modern school establishment at Wat Rakang / Theological debates on Buddhist scripture and precepts / International maritime travel and geographical descriptions / Global political tensions reported via telegraph / Vibrant commercial shipping activity in Bangkok / Western medicinal products advertised for health / The preservation and sale of Thai literature / Requests for local infrastructure and canal maintenanceเดือน ๖ แรม ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — May 6th, 1885 A.D.
Rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte’s empire / French Revolution and the execution of royals / Geography and trade of French port cities / British diplomatic envoy visits the Siamese King / Critical comparison of Buddhist and theistic doctrines / Importance of preserving skilled handwriting and literacy / Global political tensions reported via international telegraph / Local maritime shipping and commercial trading records / Advertisements for Western medicines and published books / Traditional Thai proverbs regarding morality and conductเดือน ๖ แรม ๑๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — May 13th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic missions in Singapore / Royal tonsure ceremony for Prince Prawit / Siamese diplomats attending British royal court / Maritime travel challenges and navigation logs / Siam joining the Universal Postal Union / International telegrams on global political tensions / Editorial values regarding truth and debate / British consular budget and staff expenses / Thai poetic proverbs and moral lessons / Shipping records and local commercial advertisementsเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — May 20th, 1885 A.D.
Historical evolution and royal lineage of Portugal / Social customs and daily Portuguese lifestyles / Religious education and monastic systems in Portugal / Ethical warnings against gambling and human greed / Ordination of Thai princes at royal temples / Expansion of telegraph infrastructure in Western Siam / Tributes to loyal officials and missionary legacies / Global diplomacy and European colonial border issues / Maritime trade and regional shipping news updates / Commercial services and historical Thai book advertisementsเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — May 27th, 1885 A.D.
Gambling violates the commandment to love others / Seeking quick wealth leads to spiritual ruin / Valuing time as a precious human resource / Productive rest versus destructive gambling habits / Local security concerns regarding theft and bandits / International diplomacy and monarchical birthday celebrations / Human free will to choose righteous behavior / Economic distress caused by rural banditry and debt / Maritime shipping updates and recent sea accidents / Promotion of education through literature and newspapersเดือน ๗ แรม ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — June 3rd, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission traveling toward London / Observations of geography and foreign cultures / International diplomatic protocols and formal encounters / Royal ceremonies and news from Bangkok / Establishment of international postal service standards / Intellectual debates regarding Buddhism and Christianity / Global geopolitical news and military updates / Shipping schedules and maritime commerce activity / Legal notices and private business advertisements / Promotion of educational books and literatureเดือน ๗ แรม ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — June 10th, 1885 A.D.
Portuguese maritime exploration and global discoveries / Colonial expansion in India and Africa / Global trade of spices and resources / Religious shifts and Jesuit missionary activities / Current events and shipping in Bangkok / Legal grievances and local government corruption / Social critiques on parenting and work / Theological debates on rebirth and animals / Catastrophic military defeat of King Sebastian / Commercial advertisements for books and medicinesเดือน ๘/๘ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — June 17th, 1885 A.D.
Moral and financial ruin caused by gambling / Royal celebrations for sacred white elephant processions / Administrative changes within the Foreign Affairs Ministry / Telegraph reports helping farmers monitor rainfall levels / Rehabilitating prisoners through vocational skill training / Global political updates and European diplomatic relations / Comparisons between Christian beliefs and Japanese modernization / Maritime shipping and rice exports in Bangkok / Traditional proverbs promoting virtue over personal greed / Public access to newspapers and educational booksเดือน ๘/๘ ขึ้น ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — June 24th, 1885 A.D.
Early diplomatic relations with European nations / Historical military strength and regional geography / Royal celebration of a white elephant / Vocational education for young Thai women / Judicial corruption and demand for justice / International maritime trade and shipping logistics / Economic effects of exporting agricultural livestock / Religious debates on morality and sin / Commercial promotion of imported western medicines / Availability of diverse Thai and English literatureเดือน ๘/๘ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — July 1st, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission traveling to London / Scientific explanation of carbon and its forms / Public grievances over blocked canal transportation routes / Cambodian political transition under French colonial rule / Theological debates comparing rebirth and divine creation / Temperature records and climate data for Bangkok / International news on British government cabinet shifts / Maritime trade and shipping schedules in Bangkok / Commercial advertisements for medicines and printed booksเดือน ๘/๘ แรม ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — July 8th, 1885 A.D.
Portuguese royal succession and colonial territory losses / Ethical debates on killing animals for food / Royal Thai princes traveling to London schools / Diplomatic efforts between Siam and the French / Public appeals for improving Bangkok urban cleanliness / Comparing Christian monotheism with traditional Buddhist scriptures / International telegram news on finance and trade / Maritime shipping schedules at the Bangkok port / Commercial advertisements for western medicine and books / Traditional Thai proverbs and moral poetic versesเดือน ๘/๘ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — July 15th, 1885 A.D.
Historical chronicles of King Narai’s reign / Military victories and territorial expansion efforts / Diplomatic relations with France and Vatican / Social scandal regarding a theater kidnapping / Labor issues and slave registration fees / International political news from foreign telegrams / Commercial shipping activity and trade records / Retail liquidations and medicinal product advertisements / Promotion of Thai literature and education / Global financial updates and exchange ratesเดือน ๘/๘ ขึ้น ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — July 22nd, 1885 A.D.
Ethical and biological debate on meat eating / Royal appointments and government official promotions / Diplomatic relations between Siam and foreign nations / Internal administrative policies and tax regulations / Moral debate regarding judicial integrity and corruption / International military conflicts and colonial geopolitics / Maritime trade activities and international currency exchange / Religious reflections on aging and human mortality / Commercial advertisements for goods and medical products / Promotion of literacy and available educational literatureเดือน ๘/๘ แรม ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — July 29th, 1885 A.D.
Historical diplomatic relations between Siam and France / Government duties in protecting citizens and property / Violence and lawlessness of Chinese secret societies / Abuse and hardship within the penal system / Judicial corruption and bribery for prisoner release / International conflicts and global opium trade treaties / Maritime shipping and trade activities in Bangkok / Marketing of western medicine and healthcare products / Access to educational books and printing services / Traditional moral teachings and Buddhist-inspired proverbsเดือน ๘/๘ แรม ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — August 5th, 1885 A.D.
Nutritional comparison of meat and rice / Climate influences human dietary survival needs / Ethical debates regarding killing living animals / Importance of independent journalism in Siam / Corruption regarding illegal liquor enforcement raids / Unfair land acquisition by powerful officials / Global news reported via international telegrams / Economic records of trade and shipping / Livestock disease impacting the agricultural sector / Advertising for patent medicine and literatureเดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — August 12th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission to London / Military fortifications and defense in Gibraltar / Diplomatic protocol and international relations / Cultural exchange through performing arts / Judicial integrity and anti-bribery reforms / Challenges in regional resource management / Social commentary on marriage customs / Foreign medical advancements in Thailand / Global geopolitics and international news / Emergence of local media and printingเดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — August 19th, 1885 A.D.
Clever military traps during strategic troop retreats / Morality and education foster national social peace / Religious debates on the ethics of killing / International political tensions and global health reports / Siamese cultural diplomacy and music in London / Using newspapers to improve public national wisdom / Shipping schedules and international commerce logistics reports / Advertisements for Western medicine and professional services / Promotion of diverse Thai literature and textbooks / Colonial era military struggles in foreign lands
Volume 4
Published weekly from August 26th, 1885 to August 18th, 1886 (เดือน ๙ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — เดือน ๙ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘)
เดือน ๙ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — August 26th, 1885 A.D.
Debating human equality through creation and effort / Official opening of the national postal service / Public praise for modern police force reforms / Legal disputes over teak trade and theft / Condemning the abuse of power by elites / International news delivered via global telegraph services / Monitoring maritime trade and commercial shipping schedules / Advertisements for healthcare and commercial land rentals / Promoting literacy through books and educational materials / Moral fables emphasizing gratitude and mutual assistanceเดือน ๙ แรม ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — September 2nd, 1885 A.D.
Military decoys and traps against invading forces / Ingenious bridge construction and explosive camp traps / Royal mourning and reports on local crimes / Ethical treatment and debt relief for slaves / Advocating for Christianity and social unity / Social status comparisons between Thailand and West / International political news from various foreign regions / Detailed records of Bangkok’s maritime trade activity / Commercial advertisements for medicines and literatureเดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — September 9th, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic missions to France and England / Observations of European industrial and urban infrastructure / Thai officials exploring London landmarks and factories / Royal funeral rites for the Siamese Vice King / Proposals for reforming the Siamese judicial system / Political and social developments in Chiang Mai / Debates on social morality and public ethics / Religious discourse comparing Buddhism and Christian teachings / International reports on global politics and health / Commercial advertisements and lists of printed booksเดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — September 16th, 1885 A.D.
Thai military deception against Vietnamese forces / Moral arguments against the practice of polygamy / Demanding social protection and respect for women / Religious debates comparing Buddhism and Christianity / Social scandals and warnings against immoral behavior / Expansion of telegraph infrastructure in Siam / Official protocols for the King’s birthday celebration / International news summaries from European colonial powers / Advocacy for legal representation in court cases / Publication of literature and commercial advertisementsเดือน ๑๐ ขึ้น ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — September 23rd, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomats visiting French educational institutions / Celebrations and speech for King Rama V’s birthday / Administrative reform following the Viceroy’s death / Modernizing infrastructure through telegraphs and postal services / Cultural exchange at high-society gala events / Public debate regarding journalistic ethics and quality / Economic concerns regarding cattle exports and farming / Diplomatic gifts exchanged between France and Siam / Promotion of education and national literacy programs / Monitoring international maritime trade and shipping logsเดือน ๑๐ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — September 30th, 1885 A.D.
Overview of French Republic political structure / French colonial expansion and military conflicts / Parliamentary procedures and legislative voting systems / Maintaining public order and police responsibilities / Economic market dynamics of supply and demand / Social dangers of opium and substance abuse / Morality and consequences of official corruption / Debate on religion versus scientific knowledge / International news updates and maritime trade / Advertising for books and local servicesเดือน ๑๐ แรม ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — October 7th, 1885 A.D.
French military expansion in Vietnam and Tonkin / China and France dispute Vietnamese sovereignty / Treaty establishing French protectorate over Vietnam / Public safety concerns regarding Bangkok street crime / Cattle plague impacting agriculture and food prices / Theological debate between Christianity and Buddhism / Western legal influence on Sri Lankan society / Political instability in Bulgaria and Ottoman regions / International maritime commerce and shipping logs / Practical household advice for termite preventionเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — October 14th, 1885 A.D.
Sino-French military conflict over Tonkin region / British neutrality and the Foreign Enlistment Act / Violent armed robbery in Bang Sue district / Criticisms regarding ineffective police and slow courts / Royal appointment of Prince Sonabandit to office / Debating foreign education versus local Thai identity / Preserving Siamese sovereignty through careful foreign diplomacy / Scientific demonstrations regarding atmospheric and air pressure / Maritime trade and shipping schedules in Bangkok / International telegrams regarding European political developmentsเดือน ๑๑ ขึ้น ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — October 21st, 1885 A.D.
Siamese diplomats travel through Southern France / Detailed urban infrastructure of nineteenth-century Paris / Expanding national postal services to provinces / Observance of traditional Buddhist religious festivals / Expressions of loyalty to the Siamese King / Debating the benefits of studying abroad / Global news regarding European political conflicts / Moral fables teaching integrity and unity / Commercial advertisements and international currency rates / Shipping schedules and maritime trade updatesเดือน ๑๑ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — October 28th, 1885 A.D.
Citizens report military abuse and judicial injustice / Royal ceremonies for departing military expeditions / Annual schedule for royal religious ceremonies / International telegrams reporting global political tensions / Scientific explanations of barometers and weather / Detailed records of international maritime trade / Editorial defense of press and religious freedom / Moral fables warning against greed and arrogance / Official reports on King Chulalongkorn’s movements / Promotion of Thai literature and printing servicesเดือน ๑๑ แรม ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — November 4th, 1885 A.D.
Judicial reform and removal of corrupt judges / Comparing Siamese progress to Western civilization / Inherent human nature and persistence of corruption / Praising royal initiatives for legal reform / Military expeditions to suppress northern banditry / Promoting bilingual education within the kingdom / Criticizing police corruption and social injustice / Divine intervention for moral and social change / International news and global political updates / Labor issues regarding unpaid government salariesเดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — November 11th, 1885 A.D.
Importance of newspapers for societal progress / Christian superiority and paths to salvation / Justice as foundation for national strength / Social ruin caused by state-sanctioned gambling / Western colonial success linked to religion / Expansion of national postal and communication / Exploitation of subjects by corrupt officials / Global telegraphic news and international relations / Maritime trade and shipping activity reports / Promotion of literacy and traditional literatureเดือน ๑๒ ขึ้น ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — November 18th, 1885 A.D.
Comparison of Christian salvation and Buddhist precepts / Seeking judicial reform and merit-based government appointments / Social consequences of widespread gambling and debt / Royal court news and King’s diplomatic activities / Modernization of postal services and mail rates / Public safety issues and police negligence reports / Global summaries of political conflict and treaties / Scientific principles regarding atmospheric pressure and machinery / Port maritime logistics and international commercial shipping / Promotion of education through printed books and newspapersเดือน ๑๒ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — November 25th, 1885 A.D.
Jesus provides salvation through faith and obedience / Seeking judicial fairness based on Western standards / Public grievances regarding extortion at trade checkpoints / Modernization lessons from Japanese and European models / Critique of traditional rituals versus genuine morality / Reports on royal duties and state administration / International news and political conflicts via telegram / Promoting literacy and religious books in Siam / Comparing Christian principles with traditional religious practices / Encouraging mercy and compassion toward all beingsเดือน ๑๒ แรม ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — December 2nd, 1885 A.D.
Comparative analysis of Buddhist and Christian doctrines / Ethical living based on Buddhist moral precepts / Critique of biblical myths and Christian theology / Local reporting of violent crime and robbery / Petitions against administrative and judicial corruption / International updates on colonial wars and conflicts / Commemoration of foreign experts serving the state / Commercial records of international maritime shipping / Moral fables about integrity and true friendship / Calls for modernizing the Siamese legal systemเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — December 9th, 1885 A.D.
Tragic folktale highlighting filial piety and suffering / Royal news regarding official ceremonies and appointments / Public safety reports on crime and arrests / Urgent health warnings about cholera and sanitation / International telegraph news about wars and politics / British military conquest and the fall of Burma / Detailed records of maritime trade and shipping / Educational content and diverse literature advertisements / Public petitions against corruption and pawnshop theft / Reports on global natural disasters and phenomenaเดือน ๑ ขึ้น ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — December 16th, 1885 A.D.
Debating the identity of the true God / Rational critiques of Christian biblical teachings / Demands for editorial fairness in religious debates / Linking Western progress to Christian religious faith / Skepticism regarding traditional Buddhist monastic practices / Scientific explanations for rare astronomical meteor events / International political news from overseas telegraph reports / Local reports on fire and government corruption / Commercial advertisements for books and property rentals / Administrative details for newspaper subscriptions and pricingเดือน ๑ แรม ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — December 23rd, 1885 A.D.
Religious debate between Christianity and Buddhism / Royal ceremonies conferring honors and decorations / Modern education and language performances at school / Global news and British parliamentary election results / Public health warnings regarding water and fire / Statistics on international trade and foreign assets / Royal pardons and official medical news updates / Moral fables illustrating caution and karmic justice / Editorial integrity and public letters of apology / Promotion of literature and commercial printing servicesเดือน ๑ แรม ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — December 30th, 1885 A.D.
Factors driving national progress and development / Theological debates between Buddhism and Christianity / Expansion of telegraph lines to northern provinces / Royal decrees, appointments, and state ceremonies / Diplomatic relations with the Portuguese mission / International news and global political updates / Public health alerts and medical services / Moral fables on social conduct and trust / Commercial advertisements for goods and property / Educational books and literacy resources availableเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — January 6th, 1886 A.D.
The immense difficulty of human rebirth / Theological debates between Christianity and Buddhism / A young woman’s heroic fight against bandits / Analyzing the fall of the Burmese kingdom / Public grievances regarding delayed government salaries / International conflicts involving Serbia, Bulgaria, and France / Promotion of affordable healthcare and vaccinations / Advancements in photography and printing services / The significance of the Western New Year / Availability of various educational and literary booksเดือน ๒ ขึ้น ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — January 13th, 1886 A.D.
Defense of Buddhist worship against foreign criticism / Social decay and rising crime from gambling / Diplomatic relations between Siam and Western nations / Royal patronage of traditional Siamese ceremonies / Regional impact of British and French colonialism / Debating validity of Buddhist versus Christian doctrines / Challenges of tax farming and economic competition / Updates on international politics and maritime trade / Modern healthcare services and public vaccination efforts / Expansion of Siamese printing and book tradeเดือน ๒ แรม ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — January 20th, 1886 A.D.
The fragile nature and inevitability of death / Urgent pursuit of virtue and moral conduct / Belief in a singular supreme divine creator / Protecting women from kidnapping and human trafficking / Christian missionary work and baptisms in Bangkok / Royal administrative appointments and diplomatic duties / Global news updates delivered via international telegrams / Economic guidance on currency and gold exchange / Public concerns regarding infrastructure and water salinity / Promoting literacy through educational books and fablesเดือน ๒ แรม ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — January 27th, 1886 A.D.
The rare opportunity of hearing Buddhist teachings / Comparing Buddhist karma with Christian divine judgment / Government efforts to collect outstanding state taxes / Abuse of power by provincial tax collectors / Elites exploiting commoners through unfair land acquisitions / Corruption of officials regarding salt water management / Global political events reported through international telegrams / Advancement of modern healthcare and photography services / Promotion of prominent royal family members / Distribution of diverse educational and literary booksเดือน ๒ แรม ๑๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — February 3rd, 1886 A.D.
Religious debate comparing Buddhism and Christianity / Arguments for God as the universal creator / Critiquing Buddhist cosmology and traditional beliefs / Debating the logic of non-killing precepts / Managing opium and gambling tax revenues / Global news reports from Europe and Africa / Social changes and increasing opium consumption / Availability of hospital services and vaccinations / Shipping records and international trade logistics / Publication of newspapers and educational booksเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — February 10th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic travel through Egypt and France / Social justice and fair land acquisition practices / Comparison between Buddhist decline and Christian growth / Meritocracy and education for all social classes / International naval arrivals and diplomatic maritime news / Shipping records and global maritime trade logistics / Political updates regarding British and Greek conflicts / Public medical services and affordable healthcare access / Commercial book sales and promoting local literacy / Prophetic warnings about future social moral decayเดือน ๓ ขึ้น ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — February 17th, 1886 A.D.
Buddhist support for national progress through media / Demanding respectful public discourse on different religions / Royal visits to British warships and provinces / Debating honesty in government opium tax administration / Social harms and poverty caused by opium / Global news telegrams regarding British political shifts / Records of maritime shipping and international trade / Ancient prophecies regarding future societal moral decay / Public health services and charity for poor / Literacy promotion through printing and selling booksเดือน ๓ แรม ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — February 24th, 1886 A.D.
Disputes regarding provincial fuel wood taxes / Issues with Chinese tax farming administration / Social dangers of gambling and theft / Progress toward the abolition of slavery / Comparative governance between Burma and Britain / Public safety concerns and police inefficiency / Medical training for basic first aid / Warnings against international human trafficking plots / Updates on global news and shipping / Advertising educational books and news publicationsเดือน ๓ แรม ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — March 3rd, 1886 A.D.
Promoting responsible journalism and constructive public criticism / Modernizing education through national literacy examination standards / Expressing loyalty and gratitude toward royal service / Reporting global political unrest and international diplomacy / Developing maritime logistics and steamship trade routes / Expanding public healthcare access and vaccination programs / Monitoring international currency exchange and market rates / Moral warnings through traditional Buddhist dream prophecies / Advancing societal progress via literacy and literature / Proper procedures for proposing government policy changesเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — March 10th, 1886 A.D.
Debating Buddhist and Christian religious practices / Defending elite involvement in agricultural development / Residents report local cattle theft and banditry / Questioning transparency in royal funeral assignments / Siamese diplomatic missions to European nations / Rumors regarding the trafficking of women / Advisory on press freedom and governance / Reporting international conflicts and political shifts / Updates on international shipping and commerce / Announcements regarding hospital services and vaccinationsเดือน ๔ ขึ้น ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — March 17th, 1886 A.D.
Righteousness and the reciprocity of human happiness / British intervention against inhumane foreign traditions / Citizen demands for transparency and free speech / The royal celebration of Wat Ratchapradit restoration / Bangkok’s rapid modernization and urban social challenges / The dangers of Chinese secret society violence / Criticism of forced prostitution and slave exploitation / International political tensions and foreign trade news / Public grievances regarding official corruption and injustice / Promotion of healthcare and literacy through printเดือน ๔ แรม ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — March 24th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission sent to France / Royal correspondence regarding international religious tolerance / Diplomatic relations between Siam and the Pope / Public celebrations of royal temple completion / Regional law enforcement and provincial judicial fairness / Commoner grievances against corrupt local elites / Global political affairs reported via telegraph / Maritime trade and international mail logistics / Traditional prophecies regarding societal and environmental instability / Commercial advertisements for medical and literary servicesเดือน ๔ แรม ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๗ — March 31st, 1886 A.D.
Diplomatic mission to France and the Pope / Elevation of Prince Narisara to royal rank / Social outcry against violent murder and apathy / Prevention of corruption within the opium tax / Concerns over rising banditry in provincial areas / International military and political news from London / Affordable medical services for the Siamese public / Religious debates on Eastern and Western philosophy / Promoting commerce through shipping and book sales / Interpretations of prophetic dreams and cultural omensเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — April 7th, 1886 A.D.
Cruelty and revenge in traditional folklore / Preventing financial exploitation of female laborers / Royal initiatives to gradually abolish slavery / Media role in fostering national civilization / Moral warnings against trusting deceptive leaders / International political conflicts and global news / Expanding public access to medical services / Growth of maritime commerce and transportation / Promoting literacy via diverse printed books / Seeking justice through transparent legal systemsเดือน ๕ ขึ้น ๑๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — April 14th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission visiting Great Britain / Siamese observation of advanced British technology / Diplomatic audience with Queen Victoria at Windsor / Royal promotions and ceremonies in 19th-century Siam / Siamese royal processions and traditional elephant bathing / Reports of urban fires and public safety / Social warnings regarding opium addiction and taxes / Global political updates received through overseas telegraphs / Public medical services and hospital accessibility announcements / Commercial shipping schedules and newspaper subscription advertisementsเดือน ๕ แรม ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — April 21st, 1886 A.D.
Siamese envoys meet Queen Victoria in London / Formal royal banquet at Windsor Castle / Envoys visit London landmarks and museums / Royal proclamation on Songkran and ceremonies / International news reports via overseas telegrams / Regional shipping and maritime trade schedules / Judicial ruling on a defamation court case / Public medical services and vaccination announcements / Educational and literary books for sale / Traditional Thai musical performance in Bangkokเดือน ๕ แรม ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — April 28th, 1886 A.D.
Corruption and interdependence in tax farming systems / Links between gambling addiction and debt slavery / Expanding postal routes to improve national communication / Royal initiatives providing fresh water during drought / Infrastructure maintenance to support domestic river trade / International news regarding European and British politics / Promoting Christian education and moral family values / Tracking international maritime trade and ship movements / Public health services and availability of vaccinations / Commercial growth through transportation and property rentalsเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — May 5th, 1886 A.D.
Moral conduct and the inevitability of death / Royal initiatives for public water relief efforts / Modern infrastructure projects and railway development plans / Ensuring public safety during essential resource transport / Legal procedures for reporting official government misconduct / Observations of foreign cultures and international travel / Regional shipping activity and global maritime trade / Access to medical care and public vaccinations / International political tensions and global health news / Expansion of publishing and local commercial servicesเดือน ๖ ขึ้น ๑๐ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — May 12th, 1886 A.D.
David defeats Goliath in biblical narrative / Siamese military discipline during Haw campaigns / Legal and administrative reforms in Siam / International news reports on major fires / Legal disputes within the teak trade / Scientific explanations of weather and barometers / Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London / Maritime shipping logs and trade movements / Public health services and medical treatments / Commercial advertisements for rentals and publicationsเดือน ๖ แรม ๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — May 19th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomats visit British Queen and Parliament / Industrial manufacturing tours in major English cities / Reports on local crime and neighborhood safety / Bureaucratic workers struggle with delayed salary payments / Historical evolution of Britain from ancient tribes / Practical uses of hot-air balloons in technology / Global events reported through international telegraph news / Shipping schedules and maritime trade in Siam / Public health initiatives and medical treatment availability / Promotion of literature and educational printing servicesเดือน ๖ แรม ๙ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — May 26th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission travels through industrial England / Royal interactions and attendance at state ceremonies / Observation of British military parades and maneuvers / Ethical governance and the role of law / Scientific insights into human biology and chemistry / Moral parables regarding contentment and social status / Global geopolitical developments and international news telegrams / Regional shipping logs and maritime trade activities / Community events and social announcements in Bangkok / Commercial advertisements for medical and educational servicesเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๑ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — June 2nd, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomats attend royal London wedding / Siamese envoys tour London’s major landmarks / Queen Victoria hosts audiences for international diplomats / Royal titles and funeral schedules in Bangkok / Newspaper policies on religious debate and authorship / Explaining oxygen’s role in the human body / Familiarity breeds contempt in animal kingdom stories / Global reports on European and Asian conflicts / Shipping schedules and commercial trade news updates / Advertisements for healthcare, rentals, and published booksเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๘ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — June 9th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomats visit Queen Victoria in London / Observations of British urban infrastructure and technology / Siamese envoys tour museums and social institutions / Description of British geography and capital city / Reports on international politics and global health / Moral fables regarding power, wisdom, and deception / Diplomatic receptions and royal promotions in Bangkok / Details of shipping activities in Siamese ports / Public health services and hospital medical notices / Commercial advertisements and printing house book listingsเดือน ๗ ขึ้น ๑๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — June 16th, 1886 A.D.
Traditional Thai folktales explore karmic cycles / Royal reception for foreign diplomatic envoys / Strict regulations governing royal labor registration / Ethical concerns regarding inhumane manual labor / International political developments and maritime disputes / Public opinions on judicial and inheritance laws / Maritime trade schedules and regional shipping logs / Public health services and vaccination initiatives / Commercial advertising for local goods and services / Educational resources and literary book salesเดือน ๗ แรม ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — June 23rd, 1886 A.D.
Infrastructure and transportation in Victorian London / British diplomatic hospitality and hotel services / Legal critiques regarding trade and litigation / Ethical leadership through service and religion / Social discrimination based on age and status / Moral lessons on karma and retribution / International news and foreign political updates / Maritime commerce and shipping log records / Public health services and business advertisementsเดือน ๗ แรม ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — June 30th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomats travel through Europe and Egypt / Royal cremation ceremonies held at Sanam Luang / Large fire destroys houses in Bangkok neighborhood / Concerns over child abduction and human trafficking / Public pleas for better treatment of horses / Debates between Christian teachings and local traditions / International reports on piracy and foreign politics / Moral fables teaching lessons on marriage compatibility / Commercial advertisements for shipping and book sales / Medical services and public health notice updatesเดือน ๘ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — July 7th, 1886 A.D.
Historical relations between Siam and European nations / Military and geography of ancient Ayutthaya kingdom / European trade competition and colonial rivalries / Legal measures against illegal child trafficking / Unfair alcohol tax enforcement for local subjects / Royal efforts to gradually abolish slavery / Comparing American presidency with traditional monarchies / Telegraph reports of late nineteenth century world news / Moral wisdom shared through traditional animal fables / Commercial announcements for shipping and medical servicesเดือน ๘ ขึ้น ๑๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — July 14th, 1886 A.D.
Siamese diplomatic mission traveling to London / Navigational challenges and storms during sea voyages / Official receptions for Siamese envoys in colonies / Diplomatic discussions regarding Buddhist sacred relics / Updates on royal appointments and financial rates / Global telegram news on European political elections / Historical analysis of Asian and European civilizations / Development of world religions within Asian regions / Ayutthaya period relations with European missionaries / Commercial shipping logs and local business advertisementsเดือน ๘ แรม ๖ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — July 21st, 1886 A.D.
King Narai’s powerful reign and international diplomacy / European officials and foreign influence in Siam / Portuguese contributions to traditional Thai dessert recipes / Diplomatic exchanges between Siam, France, and Rome / Social concerns regarding the abolition of slavery / Moral lessons on leadership and human character / International news reports via global telegraphic services / Modern medical advancements and public hospital services / Commercial shipping and maritime trade in Bangkok / Growth of the Thai printing and publishing industryเดือน ๘ แรม ๑๓ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — July 28th, 1886 A.D.
Diplomatic missions between France and Siam / Military cooperation and French troop deployment / Internal rebellions and local security efforts / Political upheaval and death of King Narai / Importance of newspapers for public knowledge / Updates on British parliamentary election results / Medical services and hospital treatment reports / International shipping schedules and trade logistics / Commercial advertisements for eyewear and booksเดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๕ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — August 4th, 1886 A.D.
Political unrest and the execution of Phaulkon / Diplomatic efforts to maintain ties with France / Historical records of Portuguese influence in Siam / Ethical advice on leadership and personal conduct / International news via telegram from Great Britain / Religious parables and Catholic missions in Siam / Medical advancements and local hospital success stories / Modern commercial services and optical technology advertisements / Maritime logistics and international trade shipping updates / Development of the printing and publishing industryเดือน ๙ ขึ้น ๑๒ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — August 11th, 1886 A.D.
Legacy of Portuguese settlers in early Siam / European competition for Asian trade dominance / Siamese military strength and regional geography / Struggles of the early Siamese newspaper industry / Humanitarian efforts by foreign residents in Bangkok / Legal inequalities faced by Siamese debt prisoners / British annexation of Burma and global politics / Modern medical treatments at Bangkok Hospital / Maritime trade schedules and regional shipping logs / Commercial printing and distribution of Siamese booksเดือน ๙ แรม ๔ ค่ำ, ๑๒๔๘ — August 18th, 1886 A.D.
European trade competition in 17th-century Siam / Siamese-Portuguese military cooperation against Malacca / Expansion of European trade across Siamese provinces / Final publication and farewell of Siam Samai / Philosophical reflections on human suffering and mortality / Global news reports regarding European political shifts / Records of maritime trade and vessel movements / Availability of medical treatment and vaccinations / Local advertisements for rental property and engineering / Distribution of educational and literary printed materials
Statistics
| Attribute | Count |
|---|---|
| Word count | 924,198 |
| Lines of text | 105,634 |